Disease relevance of Iridoid

• Although none of the saikosaponins were active against HSV-1, the iridoid scorodioside showed moderate in vitro anti-HSV-1 activity (30.6 % at 500 microg/ml) [1].
• Using this experimentally induced intrahepatic cholestasis model, we studied the choleretic effects of alpha-iridodiol, an iridoid compound [2].
• Scropolioside A, an iridoid isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity [3].
• Twelve iridoid glycosides have been evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity on two models: the carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and the TPA-induced mouse ear edema [4].
• Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, contained richly in the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, was found to be neuroprotective in gerbils subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Iridoid

• This iridoid glycoside is common to several plant species and may play a role in the natural defense mechanisms of plants [6].

High impact information on Iridoid

• Prominent neurite outgrowth induced by genipin, a plant-derived iridoid, was substantially inhibited by addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and carboxy-PTIO, an NO scavenger, in PC12h cells [7].
• We therefore investigated the mode of action of 8-O-E-p-methoxycinnamoyl-harpagide (8-MCA-Harp), the most potent neuroprotective iridoid, and its aglycone, harpagide (Harp) using primary cultures of rat cortical cells in vitro [8].
• Resolution of an iridoid synthon, gastrolactol, by means of dynamic acetylation and lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis [9].
• A new unusual iridoid with inhibition of activator protein-1 (AP-1) from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia L [10].
• Some regio- and stereoselective heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenations of double bonds in iridoid aglucones were discussed [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Iridoid

• Their root extracts contain the iridoid glycoside, harpagoside, which has been found to be effective in the treatment of degenerative rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, tendonitis, kidney inflammation, and heart disease [11].

Biological context of Iridoid

• We suggest that the bitter taste of iridoid glycosides deters feeding by S. exigua, whereas the hydrolysis products formed after tissue damage following fungal infection mediate pathogen resistance [12].
• We also tested whether there was a trade-off between growth (biomass) and defense (levels of iridoid glycosides) [13].
• In this study, we investigated how neighbors (i.e., competitors) altered resistance phenotypes, namely plant size and levels of secondary compounds (iridoid glycosides), of individual plants and specifically tested whether neighbor identity mattered [13].
• Effect of iridoid glycoside content on oviposition host plant choice and parasitism in a specialist herbivore [14].
• However, for the three genotypes used in the present study, differences in resistance were not related to their constitutive or induced levels of iridoid glycosides, suggesting that additional resistance mechanisms are important in this host-pathogen system [15].

Anatomical context of Iridoid

• Oleuropein, a non-toxic olive iridoid, is an anti-tumor agent and cytoskeleton disruptor [16].
• This iridoid reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone by 79% (72 h) at 0.5 mg/ear while reducing that induced by sheep red blood cells by 47% (18 h), 45% (24 h) and 36% (48 h) at 10 mg/kg [3].
• Inhibitory effects of a new iridoid, patridoid II and its isomers, on nitric oxide and TNF-alpha production in cultured murine macrophages [17].
• Picroliv, the iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, selectively augments human T cell response to mycobacterial protein antigens [18].
• Structural modifications in iridoid glycosides and evaluation of their efficacy on adhering capability (in vitro) of immature hamster uterine epithelial cells to the substratum have been studied [19].

Associations of Iridoid with other chemical compounds

• The iridoid glucoside secologanin is derived from the novel triose phosphate/pyruvate pathway in a Catharanthus roseus cell culture [20].
• Senburiside II, a New Iridoid Glucoside from Swertia japonica [21].
• In addition to aucubin, 6beta-hydroxyboschnaloside, and 6- O-(8''-hydroxy-2'',6''-dimethyl-2''( E), 6''( E)-octadienoyl)-6beta-hydroxyboschnaloside, the new iridoid glucoside ovatuside has been isolated from the aerial parts of PENSTEMON OVATUS [22].
• We have demonstrated that a natural iridoid compound, genipin, induces neurite outgrowth through the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway in PC12h cells [23].
• Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has biological capabilities of detoxication, antioxidation, and anticarcinogenesis [24].

Gene context of Iridoid

• We have demonstrated previously that a natural iridoid compound, genipin, induced neuritogenesis through activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PC12h cells [25].
• The present study was conducted to determine whether iridoid total glycoside from Cornus officinalis was effective in regulating expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and preventing overdeposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in a diabetes state [26].
• New and known iridoid- and phenylethanoid glycosides from Harpagophytum procumbens and their in vitro inhibition of human leukocyte elastase [27].
• A total of 33 iridoid and secoiridoid glucosides were detected by gas chromatography on several columns such as OV-1 or OV-17 [28].
• In this presentation, an existing method for the determination of the iridoid glycoside harpagoside in Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's Claw) was successfully transferred from a conventional particle-based C18 silica column to a monolithic silica column [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Iridoid

• Seven iridoid glycosides could be separated with use of MEKC under basic conditions [30].
• An isocratic HPLC system is described which allows the separation of the iridoid and indole precursors of terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are present in a single crude extract [31].
• High-performance liquid chromatography of iridoid and secoiridoid glucosides [32].
• Studies on monoterpene glucosides and related natural products. XXXI. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of iridoid and secoiridoid glucosides [28].
• Oral administration of picroliv (25 mg/kg/day for 15 days), a standardised iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa, 6 weeks after aflatoxin B1 toxication, significantly prevented the biochemical changes induced in liver and serum of aflatoxin B1 treated rats [33].

References