Disease relevance of Geniposide

• Penta-acetyl geniposide induce apoptosis in C6 glioma cells by modulating the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase-induced p75 nerve growth factor receptor and protein kinase Cdelta pathway [1].
• Buthionine sulphoximine pretreatment enhanced the toxicity of geniposide, while cysteine pretreatment completely suppressed it [2].
• The topical application of geniposide (0.2 or 1.0 mumol) inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears by 41 or 43%, respectively [3].
• The hepatotoxic effects of ip administration of genipin at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight were comparable with those of oral administration of geniposide at a dose of 320 mg/kg [2].
• Pre-application of the same amount of geniposide also afforded significant protection against TPA-induced hyperplasia in the ear skin [3].

Psychiatry related information on Geniposide

• From these results, we suggest that the protective effect of geniposide on AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats might be due to the hepatic tissues' defense mechanisms that involve the enhanced GST activity for AFB1 detoxication and induction gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase for GSH biosynthesis [4].

High impact information on Geniposide

• All these results show that activation of GLP-1 receptor by geniposide to induce the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells involves in MAPK signaling cascade [5].
• U0126, a selective MEK inhibitor, prevents neurites out growth and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinase proteins in PC12 cells induced by geniposide [5].
• Neurotrophic property of geniposide for inducing the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells [5].
• Furthermore, geniposide induces the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells with resulting neurites outgrowth; we also observe an increase in expression of growth-associated protein-43 [5].
• Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with geniposide in the presence or absence of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors and examined for GST activity, expression of GST M1 and M2 subunits, and protein levels of MAPK signaling proteins [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Geniposide

• These results suggest that the conversion of geniposide to genipin is causally related to the hepatotoxicity of geniposide and that hepatic non-protein sulphydryls are important in modulating the toxicity [2].
• The effects of geniposide and G. jasminoides fruit crude extract on liver cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-dependent monooxygenases, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase were investigated using rats treated orally with the iridoid glycoside (0.1 g/kg body weight/day) or the fruit crude extract (2 g/kg/day) for 4 days [7].
• Increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities as a result of oral administration of 320 mg geniposide/kg body weight were suppressed when geniposide was administered ip or when the rats were pretreated with chloramphenicol [2].
• The crude extract of Eubacterium sp. A-44, a human intestinal anaerobe, hydrolyzed geniposide, but that of Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3, another human anaerobe, did not, though both extracts had beta-D-glucosidase activities for p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside [8].

Biological context of Geniposide

• We conclude that geniposide showed an antithrombotic effect in vivo due to the suppression of platelet aggregation [9].
• The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of geniposide, a potent anti-inflammatory, on ovalbumin-antigen-induced tracheal permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance in guinea pigs [10].
• Geniposide activates GSH S-transferase by the induction of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits involving the transcription and phosphorylation of MEK-1 signaling in rat hepatocytes [6].
• The concentration of geniposide in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine preparations, Huang-Lian-Jiee-Dwu-Tang (66.27 +/- 1.98 mg/g) and In-Chern-Hau-Tang (68.54 +/- 2.62 mg/g) was less than in the herb Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (73.44 +/- 2.62 mg/g) itself [11].
• Inhibition of cell cycle progression by penta-acetyl geniposide in rat C6 glioma cells [12].

Anatomical context of Geniposide

• In conclusion, geniposide has inhibitory effects on ovalbumin-induced junction permeability and recovery of transepithelial electrical resistance in guinea pig trachea, showing its potential as anti-asthma therapy [10].
• Treatments with geniposide and G. jasminoides decreased P-450 content, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, and erythromycin N-demethylation activities in liver microsomes without affecting aniline hydroxylation activity [7].
• Both genipin and geniposide inhibited production of exudate and nitric oxide (NO) in the rat air pouch edema model [13].
• Geniposide showed a greater protective effect on the granule cell layer than on the pyramidal cell layer including CA 1 and CA 3 [14].
• Purification and characterization of a geniposide-hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase from Eubacterium sp. A-44, a strict anaerobe from human feces [15].

Associations of Geniposide with other chemical compounds

• We have investigated the effects of geniposide and its metabolite genipin on thrombogenesis and platelet aggregation [9].
• Determination of geniposide, gardenoside, geniposidic acid and genipin-1-beta-gentiobioside in Gardenia jasminoides by high-performance liquid chromatography [16].
• An aqueous two-phase extraction process combined with a simple ethanol treatment, for removing excess inorganic salt, has been developed for preparation of geniposide from gardenia [17].
• (Rubiaceae), along with four known iridoid glucosides, geniposidic acid, geniposide, gardenoside and genipin-gentiobioside [18].
• The effect of ultrasound on the leaching process, in which Geniposide is leached from the Gardenia fruit by deionized water at 20 degrees C, was investigated [19].

Gene context of Geniposide

• The results suggest that geniposide induced GST activity and the expression of GST M1 and GST M2 acting through MEK-1 pathway by activating and increasing expression of Ras/Raf/MEK-1 signaling mediators [6].
• Apoptosis induced by penta-acetyl geniposide in C6 glioma cells is associated with JNK activation and Fas ligand induction [20].
• Western blotting data demonstrated that geniposide induced increased protein levels of GSTM1 and GSTM2 (approximately 1.7- and 1.8-fold of control, respectively), but did not increase those of GSTA1 [21].
• Topical application of geniposide inhibited tumor promoter-caused induction of epidermal ODC activity by TPA (5 nmol) [3].
• Suppressive effect of geniposide on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Geniposide

• Western blotting data demonstrated that geniposide induced increased protein levels of GST M1 and GST M2 (approximately 1.76- and 1.50-fold of control, respectively) [6].
• Geniposide is one of the constituents of Gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Rubiaceae), which has been used in traditional medicine [9].
• The non-protein sulphydryl content of the liver 4 hr after oral administration of geniposide decrease in a dose-dependent manner [2].
• A new HPLC method for the determination of geniposide in rat serum with solid-phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration is described [22].
• Immunoblotting analyses of liver microsomal proteins using mouse monoclonal antibody 2-13-1 to rat P4503A1/2 revealed that geniposide and G. jasminoides crude extract decreased the intensity of a P4503A-immunorelated protein [7].

References