Disease relevance of Breast Cyst

• It has been shown that breast cysts lined by apocrine epithelium contain higher levels of potassium and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate as compared to cysts lined by flattened cells, and that women with apocrine cysts are more likely to develop breast cancer [1].
• Organochlorine compounds (DDE and PCB) in plasma and breast cyst fluid of women with benign breast disease [2].
• Circulating levels and breast cyst fluid concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone and testosterone in women with gross cystic breast disease [3].

High impact information on Breast Cyst

• Androgen conjugates in human breast cyst fluids [4].
• Antigen reactive with antiserum to the 28,000-dalton MuMTV core protein (p28), was also identified in a 165,000-g pellet fraction from breast cyst fluids [5].
• Breast-gut connection: origin of chenodeoxycholic acid in breast cyst fluid [6].
• We purified human ZAG from breast cyst fluid and serum and produced a panel of anti-ZAG monoclonal antibodies [7].
• The concentration of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) was measured in breast cyst fluid (BCF) from 611 cysts greater than 3 ml aspirated in 520 women with gross cystic disease of the breast [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Breast Cyst

• Steroid hormone accumulation in human breast cyst fluid [9].
• Levels of estradiol 17 beta-ester hydrolytic activity in the breast cyst fluid (BCF) from 25 different women with fibrocystic disease of the breast were found to vary over a wide range (0-2.4 nmol/min/mg protein for estradiol acetate) [10].
• The high concentration of estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S) in human breast cyst fluid has been confirmed in 14 women with multiple cysts [11].
• Relationship between the concentrations of estriol sulfate and estrone sulfate in human breast cyst fluid [12].
• Estriol conjugates in human breast cyst fluid and in serum of premenopausal women [13].

Biological context of Breast Cyst

• Modulation of oestrone sulphate formation and hydrolysis in breast cancer cells by breast cyst fluid from British and Hungarian women [14].
• No significant associations were observed for either PEPC or PGDS concentration in breast cyst fluid and number of cysts, recurrence of the disease, family history of breast cancer, number of children, abortion, and breast feeding [15].

Anatomical context of Breast Cyst

• Our data show the presence of PSA in 90% of nonserum samples, including milk secretions, breast cysts, amniotic fluids and broncho-alveolar washings [16].
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA)-sulphate and [Na+] and [K+] were assayed in 78 cyst fluids from patients with a palpable breast cyst [17].
• We used this assay to measure pepsinogen C in seminal plasma, breast cyst fluid, amniotic fluid, male and female serum, serum from patients with prostate cancer, urine, breast tumor cytosolic extracts, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid [18].
• Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein (Zn-alpha 2-gp), a protein present at high levels in breast cyst fluid, has been measured in 104 breast tumour cytosols by using an immunoenzymatic assay [19].
• Thrombospondin levels in a variety of breast secretions all fell within the range found in colostrum and milk, as did the fluids from Na+ (group II) breast cysts [20].

Gene context of Breast Cyst

• IL-2 was not detectable in breast cyst fluid [21].
• Oncostatin M, interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in breast cyst fluid [21].
• Augmented serum levels of the IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 ratio in pre-menopausal patients with type I breast cysts [22].
• The aim of this study was to measure the distribution of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1 and TGF beta 2 in the two sub-groups of breast cysts [23].
• Differential antibody reactivity and CD4 binding of the mammary tumor marker protein GCDFP-15 from breast cyst and its counterparts from exocrine epithelia [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Breast Cyst

• Size-exclusion chromatography showed that breast cyst fluid from women at highest risk contained two peaks of growth factor activity: less than 6 kilodaltons (kd), identified as human EGF (epidermal growth factor), and 6 to 18 kd [25].
• Thrombospondin, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were measured by radioimmunoassay in fluids from 50 human breast cysts. beta-Thromboglobulin concentrations were less than 4-330 ng/ml (median 13.5 ng/ml), while normal plasma contained 14-80 ng/ml [26].
• The aim of the present study was to characterise the latent forms of TGF-beta 2 in breast cyst fluid using HPLC, affinity chromatography, SDS-PAGE and immunostaining techniques [27].

References