Disease relevance of Bunyaviridae

• We recently mapped the retention signal for Golgi localization in one Bunyaviridae member (Uukuniemi virus) to the cytoplasmic tail of G1 [1].
• The ambisense S segment of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus (a phlebovirus in the Bunyaviridae family) codes for two proteins: the viral complementary-sense RNA for the N nucleoprotein and the genomic-sense RNA for the nonstructural protein NSs [2].
• We have recently identified the nonstructural protein NSs of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), the prototype of the family Bunyaviridae, as a virulence factor that blocks the induction of IFN by dsRNA [3].
• Human MxA protein inhibits LaCrosse virus (LAC virus; family Bunyaviridae) replication in vertebrate cells and MxA-transgenic mice [4].
• Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the Gc glycoprotein of hantaviruses and of other members of the family Bunyaviridae directs the viral fusion activity and that it may be classified as a class II viral fusion protein [5].

High impact information on Bunyaviridae

• The interferon-induced MxA protein has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on several members of the Bunyaviridae family, but the effect of MxA against CCHFV has not previously been studied [6].
• Reverse genetics system for Uukuniemi virus (Bunyaviridae): RNA polymerase I-catalyzed expression of chimeric viral RNAs [7].
• In our studies, the majority of SNV glycoproteins, G1 and G2, was localized in the Golgi complex when expressed from a full-length GPC clone or in SNV-infected cells, in agreement with data for other members of the family Bunyaviridae, including the Old World hantaviruses [8].
• The membrane glycoproteins G1 and G2 of Hantaan virus (HTNV; family Bunyaviridae) are encoded on the M RNA genome segment as a precursor polypeptide that is cotranslationally cleaved by host proteases [9].
• The small (S) genomic segment of Bunyamwera virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Bunyavirus) encodes the nucleocapsid protein, N, and a nonstructural protein, NSs, in overlapping reading frames [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bunyaviridae

• Purified virions have a density of 1.17 g/ml in sucrose, and contain four proteins with molecular weights of 45 000 (45K), 56K, 72K and 200K, confirming recent evidence that the virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae [11].
• Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from Orange and San Diego counties, California [12].
• Viruses in the Bunyaviridae family are generally sensitive to ribavirin, which has been recommended as an emergency therapy for infections by viruses in this family although has not yet been FDA-approved [13].
• Juvenile SPF randombred ICR mice were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CPA - 80 mg/kg), and 10(3.7) SMicLD 50 of Tahyna virus (California group, Bunyaviridae) one day later [14].

Biological context of Bunyaviridae

• Here we show that MxA inhibits representative members of the Bunyaviridae family by interacting with an early step of virus replication [15].
• Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequence of the L protein of PBNV with other members of Bunyaviridae suggest that the L protein of PBNV is a viral polymerase [16].

Gene context of Bunyaviridae

• Unlike other Bunyaviridae, which encode both a nucleocapsid protein and a nonstructural (NSs) protein of similar sizes, a NSs protein has not been identified for Hantaan virus [17].
• A genetic tree comparing the available polymerase proteins of the Bunyaviridae provides insights into the phylogenetic relationships within this large family [18].
• Low-passage field strains of snowshoe hare (SSH) virus (Bunyaviridae), the prototype SSH virus (originally isolated in Montana), and La Crosse (LAC) virus were compared serologically by plaque-reduction neutralization (PRNT) and molecularly by oligonucleotide fingerprinting (ONF) [19].
• These results indicate that the California serogroup bunyaviruses share a common receptor on vertebrate cells which may differ from the receptor used by other Bunyaviridae and demonstrate that the G1 glycoprotein is the virus attachment protein. sG1 will be a useful reagent in the search for a putative receptor molecule [20].
• By analogy to prototype viruses of the family Bunyaviridae, these proteins were designated N, G1, G2, and L respectively [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bunyaviridae

• A seroepidemiologic study of California (CAL) serogroup viruses (genus bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae) was carried out on 952 human and 1,834 animal sera collected from different ecological zones of Sri Lanka (latitudes 5-10 degrees N, longitudes 79-82 degrees E) [21].

References