Disease relevance of ICN 1229

• CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic hepatitis C, initial therapy with interferon and ribavirin was more effective than treatment with interferon alone [1].
• RESULTS: At the completion of treatment, serum levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were undetectable in 141 of the 173 patients who were treated with interferon and ribavirin and in 80 of the 172 patients who were treated with interferon alone (82 percent vs. 47 percent, P<0.001) [2].
• We evaluated a new antiviral agent, ribavirin, in the treatment of infants hospitalized with lower-respiratory-tract disease from respiratory syncytial virus [3].
• A total of 173 patients were randomly assigned to receive standard-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2b concurrently with ribavirin (1000 to 1200 mg orally per day, depending on body weight) for six months, and 172 patients were assigned to receive interferon and placebo [2].
• In the high-dose group there were fewer lower respiratory tract infections (7, vs. 20 in the control group; P = 0.01), fewer hospitalizations (6, vs. 18 in the control group; P = 0.02), fewer hospital days (43, vs. 128 in the control group; P = 0.02), fewer days in the intensive care unit (P = 0.05), and less use of ribavirin (P = 0.05) [4].

Psychiatry related information on ICN 1229

• Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group [1].
• Clinically, HRC 203-treated mice behaved normally, in contrast to ribavirin-treated mice, which developed lethargy and abnormal fur texture [5].
• In addition, assignment to weight-based ribavirin treatment and history of depression were associated with increased likelihood of developing moderate to severe depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.3 to 5.6, p < .01, and OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3 to 8.1, p < .01, respectively) [6].
• AIM: To clarify the importance of alcohol consumption on response rates in patients undergoing treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin [7].
• The time-course of ribavirin-provoked changes of basal and AMPH-induced motor activities in rats [8].

High impact information on ICN 1229

• We compared the effect of interferon alone with that of interferon plus oral ribavirin for relapses of chronic hepatitis C [2].
• Among patients with HCV genotype 1 infection, the best response occurred in those who were treated for 48 weeks with interferon and ribavirin [1].
• Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of relapse of chronic hepatitis C. International Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group [2].
• We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of ribavirin (20 mg per milliliter) administered continuously in aerosolized form to infants receiving mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure that was caused by documented respiratory syncytial virus infection [9].
• Lassa fever. Effective therapy with ribavirin [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of ICN 1229

• Here we show in vitro use of ribavirin triphosphate by a model viral RNA polymerase, poliovirus 3Dpol [11].
• Azidothymidine and ribavirin both inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro and show promise of clinical utility in patients infected with this virus [12].
• Methods: The nonstructural (NS) 5B quasispecies heterogeneity was analyzed in Huh7 cells harboring a subgenomic hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon system treated with ribavirin or levovirin [13].
• Amantadine and ribavirin are available for treatment of viral respiratory infections [14].
• Compared with wild-type virus, ribavirin-resistant poliovirus displays increased fidelity of RNA synthesis in the absence of ribavirin and increased survival both in the presence of ribavirin and another mutagen, 5-azacytidine [15].

Biological context of ICN 1229

• The mechanism responsible for this antagonism appeared to be inhibition of azidothymidine phosphorylation by ribavirin [12].
• Viral shedding was diminished in the ribavirin-treated group [16].
• The numbers of proliferating cells in G1, S, and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle, DNA content, and [3H]thymidine uptake were decreased in cultures treated with AZT, ribavirin, or ganciclovir [17].
• Frequent blood sampling was performed for HCV RNA kinetics and ribavirin pharmacokinetics assessment [18].
• Results: Cultivation of HCV replicon cells with ribavirin led to higher NS5B mutational frequencies compared with levovirin-treated or untreated cells (P < .05) [13].

Anatomical context of ICN 1229

• Ribavirin, when given to pregnant hamsters in relatively small single doses, induces congenital anomalies of limbs, ribs, eyes, and central nervous system, as well as fetal deaths [19].
• Ribavirin, a nucleoside, suppressed the replication of LAV in cultures of human adult T lymphocytes [20].
• Ribavirin for syncytial giant cell hepatitis [21].
• Ribavirin enters cerebrospinal fluid [22].
• Aerosolized ribavirin therapy was used in the 6 recipients of bone marrow transplants, 3 of whom required assisted ventilation but died [23].

Associations of ICN 1229 with other chemical compounds

• Treatment of the carrier state in the chimpanzees was attempted with human leucocyte interferon, with and without ribavirin ('Virazole'), and with adenine arabinoside, but the effects were mostly temporary [24].
• Conclusions: Ribavirin, but not its L-enantiomer levovirin, is a mutagen in HCV replicon cells [13].
• Agents that have shown antiviral activity in vitro which are currently in clinical trials include suramin, heteropolyanion-23 (HPA-23), ribavirin, and alpha interferon [25].
• In this randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, triple therapy with interferon alfa (IFN-alpha)-2a plus ribavirin and amantadine (amantadine group) was compared with combination therapy IFN-alpha plus ribavirin (control group) [26].
• Sequential impact of tiazofurin and ribavirin on the enzymic program of the bone marrow [27].

Gene context of ICN 1229

• The greater efficacy of combination therapy with IFN-alpha plus ribavirin may be related to its ability to suppress HCV-specific IL-10 production [28].
• These results suggest that plasma concentrations of immunoreactive CXCL10 may be a predictor of responsiveness or nonresponsiveness to antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN) with or without ribavirin [29].
• The effect of ribavirin on the expression of B7 molecules and on CHS responses was neutralized by IL-10 administration in BALB/c and by anti-IL-10 Ab in C57BL/6 [30].
• Because IFN-beta expression itself was reduced in the ribavirin-treated cells, we further investigated the mechanism for up-regulation of the IFN-signaling pathway [31].
• In specific DNA pull-down assays, we observed that ribavirin enhanced RSV-induced STAT-1 binding to the ISRE [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ICN 1229

• The mean length of the hospital stay was 13.3 days after treatment with ribavirin and 15.0 with placebo (P = 0.04) [9].
• Among the 14 infants who received ribavirin, the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 4.9 days (as compared with 9.9 days among the 14 who received placebo; P = 0.01), and the mean length of supplemental oxygen use was 8.7 days (as compared with 13.5 days; P = 0.01) [9].
• Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial viral infection. A randomized double-blind study [3].
• Interferon and ribavirin vs interferon alone in the re-treatment of chronic hepatitis C previously nonresponsive to interferon: A meta-analysis of randomized trials [32].
• STUDY SELECTION: Included studies were randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing interferon and ribavirin with interferon alone and reporting virological and biochemical outcomes after a follow-up period [32].

References