Disease relevance of Orthobunyavirus

• Our finding that RVFV NSs protein augmented minigenome RNA synthesis was in sharp contrast to reports that Bunyamwera virus (genus Bunyavirus) NSs protein inhibits viral minigenome RNA synthesis, suggesting that RVFV NSs protein and Bunyamwera virus NSs protein have distinctly different biological roles in viral RNA synthesis [1].
• The proteins synthesized in BHK cells infected with nine members of the Bunyamwera serogroup (family Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus genus) were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [2].
• We have studied the interactions of the G1 and G2 membrane glycoproteins of Uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, in virus particles and in Triton X-100-solubilized virus [3].
• Barmah Forest virus, an arbovirus, does not cross-react convincingly with alpha-, flavi- or bunyavirus immune sera [4].
• The G1 and G2 glycoproteins of La Crosse virus, a member of the Bunyavirus genus of the Bunyaviridae, are encoded as a single open reading frame (ORF) in the viral middle-sized RNA segment [5].

High impact information on Orthobunyavirus

• We have previously shown that the IFN-induced human MxA protein inhibits bunyavirus replication by an unknown mechanism [6].
• These results suggest that, although not essential for growth in tissue culture or in mice, the bunyavirus NSs protein has several functions in the virus life cycle and contributes to viral pathogenesis [7].
• Bunyamwera bunyavirus nonstructural protein NSs is a nonessential gene product that contributes to viral pathogenesis [7].
• Independent of caspase activation, Bunyavirus NSs proteins also share with Reaper the ability to directly inhibit cellular protein translation [8].
• A signal for Golgi retention in the bunyavirus G1 glycoprotein [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Orthobunyavirus

• Comparisons with the published sequences of the related snowshoe hare bunyavirus S RNA and its gene products (Bishop et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 10:3703-3713, 1982) indicate that there are a total of 114 nucleotide differences (6 additions or deletions and 108 substitutions) [10].
• The complementary termini and a purine-rich sequence in the 3' non-coding region (genome-complementary sense) were highly conserved amongst CAL serogroup bunyavirus S RNAs [11].
• With the aim of isolating temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective in virus maturation or glycoprotein transport, Uukuniemi virus, a bunyavirus, was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [12].
• Infection of Vero (monkey) cells by Germiston bunyavirus is highly cytopathic with cell lysis and virus production at a high titre, whereas infection of Aedes albopictus C6/36 (mosquito) cells leads, after an acute primary phase, to a persistent non-cytopathic infection with a loss in virus production [13].
• A single prophylactic i.p. dose of ampligen 1 day before virus challenge was very effective against Banzi virus, moderately effective against HSV-2, and ineffective against VEE and Caraparu (a bunyavirus) infection [14].

Biological context of Orthobunyavirus

• An MP-12 mutant carrying a luciferase gene in place of the NSs gene replicated as efficiently as MP-12 did, produced enzymatically active luciferase during replication, and stably retained the luciferase gene after 10 virus passages, representing the first demonstration of foreign gene expression in any bunyavirus [15].
• The bunyavirus nucleocapsid protein is an RNA chaperone: possible roles in viral RNA panhandle formation and genome replication [16].
• Significant sequence homology was found between the G1 glycoproteins of members of the genus Bunyavirus and a corresponding region in the glycoprotein precursor of TSWV, indicating a close evolutionary relationship between these viruses [17].
• Antigenic sites on the G1 glycoprotein of La Crosse bunyavirus were defined by constructing a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (F. Gonzalez-Scarano, R. E. Shope, C. H. Calisher, and N. Nathanson (1982), Virology 120, 42-53) [18].
• Nucleotide sequence of the Bunyamwera virus M RNA segment: conservation of structural features in the Bunyavirus glycoprotein gene product [19].

Gene context of Orthobunyavirus

• A six-way alignment of the amino acid sequences of the N and NSs proteins of viruses representing three serogroups within the Bunyavirus genus indicates regions which are strongly conserved, and provides targets for future analysis of protein function [20].
• Thus, phylogenetic analysis of the AKA virus N protein gene gives a greater insight into bunyavirus evolution [21].
• An avirulent G1 glycoprotein variant of La Crosse bunyavirus with defective fusion function [22].
• A transcript from the S segment of the Germiston bunyavirus is uncapped and codes for the nucleoprotein and a nonstructural protein [23].
• Hence the initiation of mRNA transcription by the recombinant L protein resembles that seen during authentic bunyavirus infection and suggests that the L protein has the endonuclease activity which generates the primers [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Orthobunyavirus

• Here we report functional mapping of interacting domains of the Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus N protein by yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems, immunoprecipitation experiments, and chemical cross-linking studies [25].
• A Bunyavirus that was antigenically similar or identical to Batai virus by complement fixation and plaque-reduction neutralization tests was recovered from two of 196 sera collected from patients with acute fever admitted to the municipal hospital in Kassala in October 1988 [26].
• Detection of the bunyavirus Germiston in VERO and Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells by in situ hybridization using cDNA and asymmetric RNA probes [27].

References