Disease relevance of Apalcillin

• Activity of apalcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1].
• The minimal concentrations of apalcillin at which 50 and 90% of hospital isolates of Escherichia coli were inhibited were similar to those of mezlocillin and piperacillin (1.6 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively) [2].
• The drugs had equal activity against Enterobacteriaceae and A. hydrophila; apalcillin was more active against Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and piperacillin was more active against other nonfermenters [3].
• Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to penicillin, apalcillin, and twelve new cephalosporins [4].
• Only 40% of Serratia were inhibited at an apalcillin concentration of 25 micrograms/ml [2].

High impact information on Apalcillin

• PAH < probenecid < apalcillin inhibited SF excretion in the urine and, to a similar degree, SF fluorescence in cortical tissue [5].
• Comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin individually and in combination [6].
• We investigated the effects of apalcillin on blood coagulation and platelet function [7].
• The area under the curve and the half-life for apalcillin were larger than for piperacillin [8].
• Comparative pharmacokinetics of apalcillin and piperacillin [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Apalcillin

• Against Klebsiella, apalcillin inhibited 50% of organisms at a concentration of 6.3 micrograms/ml, similar to piperacillin [2].
• Rabbits with experimentally induced pneumococcal meningitis were given single 25-mg/kg doses of apalcillin or cefpiramide [9].
• The intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Serratia marcescens IFO 12648 were investigated, comparing the action of benzylpenicillin, apalcillin, cefazolin, and ceftizoxime [10].
• Synergistic activity of apalcillin and gentamicin in a combination therapy in experimental Pseudomonas bacteraemia of neutropenic mice [11].

Biological context of Apalcillin

• Apalcillin was hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamase but not as well by cephalosporinases [2].
• Rates of hydrolysis by six beta-lactamase preparations from gram-negative bacilli were determined, comparing apalcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin to benzyl penicillin [12].
• Postoperative wound-healing impairments did not occur in any of the patients receiving a single preoperative application of an antibiotic with a high biliary elimination rate (ceftriaxone or apalcillin) [13].

Anatomical context of Apalcillin

• In 20 patients undergoing biliary surgery, apalcillin concentrations 1 h after a 1-g dose were 65.5 +/- 5.0, 3,680 +/- 551, and 2,552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in serum, choledochal bile, and gallbladder bile, respectively [14].
• Pharmacokinetic examinations were performed in 5 patients with bile-duct drainage following cholecystectomy and choledochus revision with 2 g of apalcillin over 20 min intravenously [15].
• Apalcillin treatment of complicated urinary tract infections [16].
• In 20 patients undergoing biliary surgery, intra-operative simultaneous sampling performed 1 h after intravenous injection of 1 g of apalcillin showed antibiotic levels of 65.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/ml in serum, 3860 +/- 551 micrograms/ml in common bile duct bile and 2552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in gallbladder bile [17].

Gene context of Apalcillin

• As did many other penicillins, apalcillin inhibited the Type 1 beta-lactamase that is produced by Enterobacter cloacae [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Apalcillin

• Determination of apalcillin and its metabolites in human body fluids by high-pressure liquid chromatography [18].
• We describe two methods for the quantitative analysis of apalcillin and its metabolites in serum and urine by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), a fast isocratic method for the parent drug, and a gradient method that allows the simultaneous assay of two metabolites [18].
• The pharmacokinetics of apalcillin and piperacillin, each administered intravenously as a single 2-g dose, were compared in 10 volunteers in a randomized study of crossover design using bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures [8].
• A pharmacokinetic study of apalcillin was performed in 12 patients in an intensive-care unit [19].
• In five healthy subjects, a maximum level of 1088 +/- 582 micrograms/ml was measured in the duodenal fluid collected during 4 h following intravenous injection of 1 g of apalcillin [17].

References