Disease relevance of Pfizerpen

• The in vitro activities of four extended-spectrum cephalosporins and benzyl penicillin were evaluated against 698 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including 130 (19%) penicillin-intermediate and 84 (12%) penicillin-resistant strains [1].
• Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates identified among blood isolates collected in Denmark between 1957 and 1970 belonged to either phage group III or the closely related 83A complex and had a PSTM antibiotype (resistance to penicillin [P], streptomycin [S], tetracycline [T], and methicillin [M]) [2].
• Of 259 patients who had received quinolone prophylaxis during the study period, 22 (8.5%) developed an episode of viridans streptococcal bacteremia as compared with three episodes (3.7%) in 82 patients who had received a quinolone and penicillin (P = .07) [3].
• ELF and mucosal site concentrations were effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae (except one strain with reduced susceptibility to benzyl penicillin) and Haemophilus influenzae [4].
• The diagnosis of betalactam hypersensitivity, classically based on skin testing with major and minor determinants of benzyl penicillin or in vitro IgE antibodies to BP, has been modified by the inclusion of different determinants generated from these compounds, for which amoxicillin (AX) is the most relevant, followed by cephalosporins [5].

High impact information on Pfizerpen

• In sharp contrast, we show here that the dominant activating fadA allele, fadAG42R, stimulates transcription of a gene from the A. nidulans penicillin (PN) gene cluster and elevates penicillin production [6].
• Two in vitro selection protocols were designed to extract from the library phage-enzymes characterised by a fast acylation by benzyl-penicillin (PenG) to yield either stable or very unstable acyl-enzymes [7].
• The presence of the substrate benzyl penicillin has little effect on the equilibria or kinetics of the N-H transition [8].
• Antibody levels to the serotype 2 outer membrane proteins were significantly elevated in C6-deficient patients compared with control groups (P = .001) [9].
• Decarboxylation of the penicilloic acids from benzyl-penicillin, or from phenoxymethylpenicillin, leads to epimerization (at C-5) of the penilloic acid [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pfizerpen

• Multivariate analysis of predisposing factors showed that high doses of cytosine arabinoside (P = .01), the presence of mucositis (P = .02), and the absence of previous therapy with parenteral antibiotics (P = .01) were independent risk factors for the development of viridans streptococcal bacteremia [3].
• Benzathine penicillin, metronidazole and benzyl penicillin in the treatment of tetanus: a randomized, controlled trial [11].
• Having controlled for the effect of MRI/surgeon, there was evidence for a significantly increased risk of colic associated with maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane and administration of benzyl penicillin and/or ceftiofur [12].
• In a control group of 50 children with bacterial meningitis treated with the intravenous administration of benzyl penicillin and chloramphenicol sodium succinate, the outcome was determined retrospectively [13].
• The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular penicillin: mixture of benzyl penicillin and procain penicillin (2 MU x 2 times daily) and intravenous benzyl penicillin (4 MU x 6 times daily) in the treatment of hospitalized adult patients with erysipelas [14].

Biological context of Pfizerpen

• A model of the tetrahedral transition state associated with the acylation step by benzyl penicillin has been derived [15].
• EPSP summation was linear after the IPSP had been blocked by benzyl penicillin application [16].
• Adsorption rate was faster at higher mu values, positively correlated to cell size, and increased by pretreatment with low penicillin (Pn) concentrations; it was directly proportional to total cellular surface area, indicating a constant density of T4 receptors on cell envelopes irrespective of growth conditions [17].
• Using [14C] benzyl penicillin, we determined the ability of penicillin to cross capillary membranes in the tibiae of dogs, the degree of protein-binding of penicillin in serum and tibial bone tissue, and the concentration of penicillin in the interstitial fluid space of tibial bone [18].
• Most resistance was observed against penicillin, 39% of the isolates from older cows and 26% from first lactation cows being resistant to penicillin (P > 0.05) [19].

Anatomical context of Pfizerpen

• Addition of benzyl penicillin (300 mug/ml) to growing protoplast cultures did not affect the net amount of PG fragments synthesized but resulted in inhibition of synthesis of dimer and trimer fractions by 27 and 59%, respectively [20].
• Extraction studies demonstrated that the capillary membranes in bone were readily traversed by benzyl penicillin [18].
• Studies of the distribution of benzyl penicillin showed that it was distributed in equal concentrations in the plasma and in the interstitial fluid spaces of bone [18].
• In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 6 hours before treatment, most vegetations were sterile after 3 days therapy with each combination but not with P alone which had mean log10 colony forming units per gram of vegetation (log CFU) of 2 [21].
• Bicuculline, benzyl penicillin, and inhibitory amino acids in the spinal cord of the cat [22].

Associations of Pfizerpen with other chemical compounds

• When exponential-phase cells of S. mutans BHT were first exposed to 5 microgram of benzyl-penicillin per ml for 1 h and then converted to protoplasts, these protoplasts were also able to grow in chemically defined, osmotically stabilized medium [23].
• Using 173 sera, positive RAST results were only found with reagents based on benzyl penicillin (BP) and amoxicillin (AX) [24].
• Using BOCILLIN FL, a fluorescent-labeled benzyl penicillin, we found that PBP2 '(PBP2a) in MRSA cells that were grown in medium containing corilagin or tellimagrandin I almost completely lost the ability to bind BOCILLIN FL [25].
• Simulation of concentration-time profiles of benzyl-penicillin, enrofloxacin and dihydrostreptomycin in tissue cages in calves [26].

Gene context of Pfizerpen

• Antibiotic use in the previous month was associated with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (p = 0.007) and multidrug resistance (p = 0.012) [27].
• It has been reported that certain nonpigmented, slow-growing mycobacteria do not have a constitutive beta-lactamase and are more sensitive to benzyl penicillin than M. tuberculosis [28].
• Kinetics of drug decomposition. Part 62. Kinetics of penicillin G potassium salt (PGP) thermal degradation in solid phase [29].
• Approximately 10(-5) transductant colonies per phage input were obtained and ultraviolet kinetics indicated that Pc was plasmid carried [30].
• Very little cross-reactivity of CET and potassium benzyl penicillin (PcG) was noted when these antibiotics were used as the challenge antigens for PCA induced by corresponding murine antisera [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pfizerpen

• In the hippocampal slice preparation, perfusion with benzyl penicillin evokes multiple population spikes and spontaneous discharges [32].
• In the remaining 11 patients, treatment for at least 19 d, predominantly with intravenous benzyl penicillin, plus joint lavage, resulted in cure [33].
• An HIV-positive heterosexual man presented with a recurrent penile chancre, 20 months after treatment with intramuscular procaine benzyl penicillin [34].
• In a system in which unphagocytosed bacteria were removed by differential centrifugation after a 30-min phagocytosis period, staphylococci associated with rabbit polymorphonulcear (PMN) leukocytes were completely protected from the effects of benzyl penicillin 1 microgram/ml, but not completely protected from the effects of 5 micrograms/ml [35].
• LOcal effects of antibacterial therapy (benzyl-penicillin) on missile wound infection rate and tissue devitalization when debridement is delayed for twelve hours [36].

References