Disease relevance of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• Measurement of CSF dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity in anorexia nervosa and normal-weight bulimia [1].
• Demonstration of dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactive axons contacting spinal cord projection neurons in a rat model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia [2].
• Approximately 40% of cardiac ganglion cells contained immunoreactivity for dynorphin A (1-8), dynorphin A (1-17) and dynorphin B whilst 20% displayed leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity [3].
• Pertussis toxin pre-treatment (200 ng/ml; 4.5-5 h) completely abolished the effects of U-50,488 and dynorphin A (1-8) on the contractile response, indicating that these effects are mediated via G(i/o) proteins [4].
• Hippocampal levels of dynorphin A (1-8) in neonatal and 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats: comparisons with DOCA-salt hypertension [5].

Psychiatry related information on Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• These results regarding dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity are discussed in light of other evidence for altered opiate function in some eating-disorder patients [1].
• Elevated CSF dynorphin A [1-8] in Tourette's syndrome [6].

High impact information on Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• Within the LSn, antisera against dynorphin 1-8 (DYN), substance P (SP), and Met-enkephalin (ENK) produced labeling of a large number of processes in all segmental levels examined [7].
• Twenty-one patients with anorexia nervosa and 35 normal-weight patients with bulimia underwent a series of CSF studies involving measurement of CSF dynorphin A 1-8 immunoreactivity during hospitalization in an eating-disorder treatment and research program [1].
• The majority of the immunoreactive material recovered from the hippocampus within the first 20 min following partial and generalized kindled seizures coeluted with dynorphin-A (1-6), dynorphin-A (1-8), and Leu-enkephalin by HPLC/RIA analysis [8].
• Compared with the other synaptosomal fractions, these fractions showed greater levels of dynorphin A (1-8) immunoreactivity and endogenous zinc, which are particularly concentrated in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals [9].
• The stimulus specificity for enhancement of dynorphin gene expression in rat spinal cord was studied by combined measurements of the peptide dynorphin A 1-8 and preprodynorphin mRNA levels during peripheral inflammation induced by several agents [10].

Biological context of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• Effects of dynorphin (1-8) on movement: non-opiate effects and structure-activity relationship [11].
• Especially the relatively large pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin derived peptides, such as dynorphin 1-17 and BAM22, appeared to be very potent ligands for these opioid binding sites and were much more potent than smaller fragments, such as dynorphin 1-8, and Met- and Leu-enkephalin [12].

Anatomical context of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• Other smaller populations of opioid-immunoreactive neurons include fibres immunoreactive for substance P, enkephalin and dynorphin A 1-8 which project from the myenteric plexus to the non-ganglionated plexus of the submucosa [13].
• Met-enkephalin and dynorphin A (1-8) immunoreactivities were only present in the neural lobe and the median eminence [14].
• Dynorphin 1-8 binds to opiate kappa receptors in the neurohypophysis [15].
• In the hypothalamus and neuro-intermediate lobe multiple peaks of immunoreactive dynorphin were seen, coeluting with dynorphin A 1-8, dynorphin A 1-17 and dynorphin 32 [16].
• Dynorphin-A (1-8) is contained within perikarya, nerve fibres and nerve terminals of rat duodenum [17].

Associations of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile with other chemical compounds

• This study compared the distribution of methionine enkephalin-, dynorphin A 1-8-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya in laminae I and IV-VII of selected segments of lumbar spinal cord of cat(L5) and rat(4) [18].
• The influence of the acute (single dose) or subchronic (one dose daily for 4 days) administration of cocaine to Sprague-Dawley rats on striatal enkephalin (Met5-enkephalin) and striatonigral tachykinin (substance P) and dynorphin [dynorphin A (1-8), DYN] levels was investigated [19].
• The acid resistant binding of [125I] E-2078 was inhibited by poly-L-lysine and protamine, but not inhibited by insulin, transferrin, dynorphin (1-8), beta-neoendorphin, naloxone or poly-L-glutamate [20].
• Exposure of rat neurointermediate lobes in organ culture to dynorphin 1-8 caused a small but significant stimulation of vasopressin release [15].
• Inhibition of this aminopeptidase activity in vitro was observed by the addition of dynorphin A 2-17 or dynorphin A 7-17 but not after the addition of dynorphin A 1-13, dynorphin A 1-8, dynorphin B or alpha-neo-endorphin suggesting a specific enzyme may be responsible [21].

Gene context of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• In addition, P-LAP was shown to degrade several bioactive neuropeptides such as Met-enkephalin and dynorphin A (1-8) [22].
• Dynorphin (1-8) and enkephalin antisera stained the greatest number of cells, followed by FMRF-NH2, neurotensin, somatostatin and avian pancreatic polypeptide [23].
• The distribution of DYN B in colchicine- and noncolchicine-treated animals was also compared to that of another opioid peptide derived from the prodynorphin precursor dynorphin A (1-8) (DYN 1-8), and an opioid peptide derived from the proenkephalin precursor met-enkephalin-arg-gly-leu (MERGL) [24].
• We examined the ultrastructural substrates underlying these actions by combining immunoperoxidase labeling for dynorphin 1-8 and immunogold silver labeling for the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) [25].
• Dynorphin A (1-8) also inhibited the release of OT and not VP after intraperitoneal administration of hypertonic saline [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile

• Film autoradiography of neurohypophyseal sections incubated with [3H]-etorphine showed a displacement of 30% of the labeled ligand by unlabeled dynorphin 1-8 [15].
• The levels of striatal and nigral dynorphin A (1-8) (DYN) were determined by radioimmunoassay [27].
• Intraventricular injection of morphine sulfate, 40 micrograms, released an enzyme from the spinal cord into the perfusate which degraded dynorphin A (1-8) and, to a lesser extent, dynorphin A (1-13) in urethane anesthetized rats [28].

References