Disease relevance of ORNIPRESSIN

• Ornipressin in the treatment of functional renal failure in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Effects on renal hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic factor [1].
• The present findings implicate that treatment with ornipressin represents an alternative approach to the management of functional renal failure in advanced liver cirrhosis [1].
• Reversibility of hepatorenal syndrome by prolonged administration of ornipressin and plasma volume expansion [2].
• The other patient had to be withdrawn from ornipressin after 2 hours because of ventricular tachyarrhythmia [3].
• Enhancement of renal function with ornipressin in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis [4].

High impact information on ORNIPRESSIN

• The decrease of renal vascular resistance and the increase of renal blood flow and of the renal fraction of cardiac output play a key role in the beneficial effect of ornipressin on renal failure [1].
• Long-term therapy and retreatment of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with ornipressin and dopamine [3].
• However, when ornipressin and albumin were administered for 15 days, a remarkable improvement in renal function was observed, with normalization of serum-creatinine concentration, a marked increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, and a persistent suppression in the activity of vasoconstrictor systems [2].
• The 3-day treatment with ornipressin and albumin was associated with a normalization of the overactivity of renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, a marked increase in atrial-natriuretic peptide levels, and only a slight improvement in renal function [2].
• The hyperdynamic circulation of hepatic failure, as characterised by increased cardiac index and heart rate as well as decreased systemic vascular resistance was reversed to a nearly normal circulatory state during ornipressin infusion [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of ORNIPRESSIN

• An infusion with Ornipressin (8-ornithin vasopressin) in a patient with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis increased urinary volume from 30 ml/h to 500 ml/h, creatinine clearance from 24 to 65 ml/min, and fractional sodium excretion from 0.86% to 11.1% [4].
• BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intravenous ornipressin in cirrhotic patients with hepatorenal syndrome causes marked improvement of systemic hemodynamics and suppression of plasma renin and norepinephrine but only moderate improvement of renal function [6].
• Pronounced bradycardia after application of POR-8 (Ornipressin) under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol [7].
• Several vasoconstrictors including the alpha-adrenergic agonists, midodrine and noradrenalin, and the vasopressor analogues, ornipressin and terlipressin, have all been associated with a significant improvement in renal function in 57 to 100% of cases and even reversal of hepatorenal syndrome in 42 to 100% of cases [8].
• The investigated agents, according to the stomach tissue injury they caused in our experiment, would produce series: epinephrine = ornipressin < fibrin sealant < thrombin < polidocanol < ethanol, and according to their effect on vascular thrombosis: epinephrine = ornipressin = fibrin sealant < polidocanol < ethanol < thrombin [9].

Biological context of ORNIPRESSIN

• Although the prolonged administration of ornipressin combined with plasma volume expansion reverses hepatorenal syndrome, this treatment should be used with great caution in clinical practice because of the risk of ischemic complications [2].
• METHODS: Renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, free water clearance, sodium excretion and the plasma levels of renin and norepinephrine were measured in baseline conditions and during the administration of ornipressin (6 i.u./h) and ornipressin (6 i.u./h) plus dopamine (2 micrograms/kg.min) in nine patients with hepatorenal syndrome [6].
• Implications: In the population studied, small-dose ornipressin was effective to restore arterial blood pressure without causing major ischemic side effects [10].
• Dose-response relation of ornipressin with regard to vasoconstriction in human skin [11].
• There was a significant and progressive reduction in mean heart rate in children who received ornipressin, from 134 to 116 bpm (P less than 0.05), and a significant rise from 127 to 134 bpm (P less than 0.05) with adrenaline [12].

Anatomical context of ORNIPRESSIN

• Ornipressin thus restores vascular smooth-muscle tone even when the integrity of the adrenergic pathways is no longer intact [13].
• The pregnant uterus showed a significantly increased sensitivity to ornipressin, vasopressin, and norepinephrine [14].

Associations of ORNIPRESSIN with other chemical compounds

• A comparative study of the haemostatic properties and cardiovascular effects of adrenaline and ornipressin in children using enflurane anaesthesia [12].
• OBJECTIVES: To compare the immediate hemodynamic effects of ornipressin and terlipressin used for procedure-related bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy [15].
• Under halothane/enflurane anaesthesia blood pressure and heart rate remained nearly constant up to 15 minutes following local injection of ornipressin into the nasal tissues [16].

Gene context of ORNIPRESSIN

• The hypotension did, however, respond rapidly to low-dose infusion of a synthetic vasopressor, ornipressin (POR 8; Sandoz), a drug with a direct action on vascular smooth muscle, especially the capacitance vessels [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ORNIPRESSIN

• HRS in 1 of these patients was reverted with 18 days of ornipressin retreatment [3].
• Altogether, 3 of 7 patients survived HRS type 1, 1 after successful ornipressin therapy and liver transplantation, 1 with 2 successful courses of ornipressin, and 1 with liver transplantation after ornipressin treatment had failed [3].
• The HPLC method was applied on various batches of ornipressin in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations [17].
• Animal test or chromatography? Validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay as an alternative to the biological assay for ornipressin [17].
• Prevention of myometrial bleeding was achieved by prophylactic injection of ornipressin into the biopsy cannula [18].

References