Disease relevance of Plasma Volume

• Constriction of the pulmonary artery or thoracic inferior vena cava was maintained for 2 wk while daily measurements were made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma volume, hematocrit, serum sodium and potassium concentrations, sodium and water balance, body weight, and arterial, caval, and atrial pressures [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Circulating plasma levels of endothelin are elevated in cirrhosis with ascites and do not decrease following plasma volume expansion [2].
• Serial measurements of urinary sodium excretion, sodium space, plasma volume, and plasma renin concentration were made during the development of hypertension in patients who were exposed to an excess of endogenous or exogenous mineralocorticoid activity [3].
• These results demonstrate that inhibition of cNOS potentiates, whereas inhibition of iNOS markedly attenuates, losses in plasma volume and albumin escape elicited by LPS, and suggest that selective inhibitors of iNOS may be more effective than nonselective inhibitors of all forms of NOS in the therapy of septic shock [4].
• Leukotriene C4 also resulted in an average loss of 20% in plasma volume which, during the postinfusion period, perpetuated the low cardiac output state and thus provoked the release of angiotensin II [5].

Psychiatry related information on Plasma Volume

• After 2 days of water deprivation in a warm climate, Papio hamadryas baboons lost 10% of their body mass, 12.5% of their total body water (3H2O) space, but only 4% of their plasma volume [Evans blue (EB) space] [6].

High impact information on Plasma Volume

• Erythropoietin increased the mean (+/- SD) hematocrit from 0.34 +/- 0.04 to 0.45 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.005) and increased the red-cell volume from 16.8 +/- 3.9 to 25.3 +/- 3.1 ml per kilogram (P < 0.005), but had no effect on plasma volume [7].
• Pituitary adenomectomy decreased plasma volume and the inhibition by plasma of ouabain binding [8].
• How carbon monoxide reduces plasma volume [9].
• Alterations of peripheral sympathetic-nervous-system activity, as reflected by changes of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in plasma, were evaluated, and plasma volume and plasma renin activity were measured [10].
• Nicotinic acid reduction of plasma volume loss after thermal trauma [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Plasma Volume

• Blood glucose fell at a rate of 7 to 11 mg per hr per total plasma volume (4% body weight), usually resulting in hypoglycemia within the initial 2 hr [12].
• Together with a decrease in plasma volume, blood urea nitrogen content increased and body weight decreased [13].
• N omega-nitro-L-arginine treatment also induced a decrease in plasma volume (4.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.1 ml/100 gm body weight; p < 0.001) and extracellular sodium space (39.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 37.4 +/- 0.4 ml/100 gm body weight; p < 0.05) without changes in serum sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[14]
• Platelet-activating factor reduced circulating plasma volume and increased peritoneal permeability to albumin as assessed by the ascites to plasma ratio of labeled albumin [15].
• First, blood and plasma volumes fell significantly, and we suggest that hypovolemic shock contributes to early mortality after acetaminophen [16].

Biological context of Plasma Volume

• After plasma volume expansion, B-HT 933 showed no primary effect on LpA but heightened the response of arterial blood pressure, glomerular transcapillary pressure gradient, and LpA to AII [17].
• Authors of a study in this issue of the JCI performed a knockout of the receptor for ANP in vascular endothelia in order to distinguish the effects of ANP-dependent increases in vascular permeability from those of other endocrine actions of ANP in the regulation of plasma volume [18].
• Renal plasma-flow, glomerular filtration-rate, plasma-volume, plasma-renin activity, plasma-concentrations of Na+, K+, and catecholamines, 24 h urinary excretion of Na+, K+, and aldosterone, and the cardiac index were measured so that renal function and the role of factors affecting blood-pressure regulation could be assessed [19].
• This variable can be shown to depend in turn on five other parameters: the total circulating red cell volume (TRVC), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean red cell lifespan (RBCLS), plasma volume (PV), and the hepatic extraction coefficient for unconjugated bilirubin (ke) [20].
• Indomethacin prevented the leukotriene C4-induced loss of plasma volume and, thus, allowed for the significant recovery of cardiac output and renal blood flow during the post-infusion period, thereby preserving glomerular filtration rate [5].

Anatomical context of Plasma Volume

• Red blood cell volume and plasma volume were determined by using chromium-51-tagged erythrocytes and iodine-125-labeled albumin, respectively [4].
• Effects of renovascular hypertension were then determined by using renal artery clipping models: two-kidney, one clip (2K-1C) rats, a model of high-renin hypertension with a normal plasma volume, and one-kidney, one clip (1K-1C) rats, a model of normal renin with a raised plasma volume [21].
• Potential mechanisms responsible for the decreased PRA include plasma volume expansion, hyalin destruction of the juxtaglomerular cells, defective synthesis of renin, and inadequate catecholamine stimulation of renin, and inadequant cathecholamine stimulation of renin release [22].
• Normal renin uremic hypertension. Study of cardiac hemodynamics, plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, and the renin angiotensin system [23].
• After the administration of propranolol or indomethacin, exchangeable sodium, total body water, extracellular volume and plasma volume all increased from less than to greater than predicted, and pressor resistance to angiotensin was normalized [24].

Associations of Plasma Volume with chemical compounds

• Evidence was obtained that the increase in plasma volume was induced by a transient increase in renin (8.0 +/- 2.2 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.2 nmol.l-1.h-1; P < 0.02) and aldosterone (0.51 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.09 nmol/liter) concentrations [25].
• Plasma volume was not affected by either glucose or galactose loading as compared to that in rats given saline alone [26].
• Initially, the restoration of blood pressure is dependent upon circulating angiotensin II; in the later stages, blood pressure is dependent upon the increase in plasma volume [1].
• There was a fall in plasma-renin activity in all patients and an associated fall in blood urea and plasma potassium, and an increase in plasma volume; oedema developed in some patients [27].
• Plasma-volume, plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase, urinary catecholamines, metanephrines, and vanillyl mandelic acid (V.M.A) were normal [28].

Gene context of Plasma Volume

• (1) Vasopressin (VP), or antidiuretic hormone, is secreted in response to either increases in plasma osmolality (very sensitive stimulus) or to decreases in plasma volume (less sensitive stimulus) [29].
• This property partially explains the slower turnover of GSHPx-P with several hydroperoxide substrates; the low reactivity with GSH is not consistent with efficient GSHPx function in the bulk plasma volume [30].
• In contrast with the stimulatory effect on immature erythroid cell stages, IL-11 treatment induced a mild anaemia, which probably resulted from a plasma volume expansion [31].
• Furthermore, increasing plasma volume in either assay increases measured plasma tPA, but not uPA [32].
• A linear relationship was found with plasma volumes below 0.75 microL/lane for MMP-2, and from 0.75 microL/lane to 2 microL/lane for MMP-9 [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Plasma Volume

• CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin occurred earlier than the reduction of plasma volume and atrial natriuretic peptide after HeartMate implantation, possibly because of decreased pulmonary congestion and improved renal perfusion [34].
• Gel filtration of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on columns of Sepharose 2B removed at least 99.85% of the plasma proteins from platelets when a column 10 cm in height was used and a plasma volume 11 to 14% of the gel-bed volume was applied [35].
• METHODS: Plasma volume and fluid regulatory hormones were measured in eight HTRs (57+/-6 years old) both before and after treatment with captopril (225 mg/day) [36].
• In both patients, the activity of vWF-cleaving protease after the first plasmapheresis session was evaluated and was found to be virtually identical to anticipated activity calculated from predicted patient plasma volume and volume of exchanged plasma [37].
• Apheresis of 125% of the calculated plasma volume decreased plasma LDL-cholesterol by 69% to 0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, with significant increases in plasma MVA and L/C ratio on the day after the procedure [38].

References