Disease relevance of Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold particles as a new in vivo marker of early acute lung injury [1].
• Colloidal gold spheres were coated with staphylococcal protein A and were used to determine the location of NS and L proteins on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes using monospecific anti-NS and anti-L IgG preparations [2].
• Colloidal gold radionucleotide 198Au scanning can demonstrate the direction of regional lymphatic drainage in patients with primary malignant melanoma [3].
• Colloidal gold was complexed with monoclonal IgG to the inner capsid of human rotavirus [4].
• It is shown that colloidal gold (CG) particles coated with polyclonal antibody raised against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigen expressed in vivo bound to the surface of S. aureus strain F1440 grown in milk whey, but not to homologous bacteria grown in TSB [5].

High impact information on Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold binds microfibrils in the absence of antibody [6].
• Colloidal gold stabilized with BSA was used to study diffusion, whereas transport was investigated using gold particles coated with nucleoplasmin, a karyophilic Xenopus oocyte protein [7].
• Colloidal gold labelling using a monospecific antibody confirms the selective association of the protein with synaptic vesicles [8].
• Colloidal gold staining under the electron microscope was associated with 80- to 100-nm vesicles of average electron density, widely dispersed in the neuropil, with usually one and no more than four vesicles in individual sectioned neuronal processes [9].
• Colloidal gold, indicating the presence of alpha-actinin, was localized on the Z bands of nascent myofibrils in myocytes and on stress fiber bundles in nonmuscle cells. alpha-Actinin staining was also seen on stellate foci, where cytoskeletal filaments converged along the inner myocyte cell membranes [10].

Biological context of Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold is an electron-dense, nondegradable marker that is easily identified within the cell and serves as a valuable probe for studying receptor binding and endocytosis [11].
• Colloidal gold-labeled fibrinogen (Fgn-Au label) in conjunction with video-enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy (VDIC) was used to identify fibrinogen binding sites, glycoprotein IIb/IIIb (GPIIb/IIIa), on fully spread platelets [12].
• Colloidal gold-labeled lectin cytochemistry was used to analyze sugar residues in hepatocytes at the subcellular level [13].
• Colloidal gold nanocrystals have been used to develop a new class of nanobiosensors that is able to recognize and detect specific DNA sequences and single-base mutations in a homogeneous format [14].
• Colloidal gold particles, coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with simple (large T) nuclear localization signals (NLSs), bipartite (nucleoplasmin) NLSs or mutant NLSs, were used to assay nuclear import [15].

Anatomical context of Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold conjugates of AGE-BSA bound to caveolae and were internalized to be trafficked to lysosomal-like compartments [16].
• Colloidal gold taken up as a complex with low-density lipoprotein was excreted into the feces via the common bile duct at a maximal rate of about 5% daily, 4 to 12 days after injection [17].
• Colloidal gold could be seen on the cell surface after specific binding to cells carrying C5b-8 sites at 0 degree C. After incubating these cells at 37 degrees C, gold particles were internalized into the cell continuously via endocytic vesicles [18].
• Heparinase III treatment induced an almost complete loss of CCG binding in all basement and basolateral membranes, whereas chondroitinase ABC treatment led to a lesser but significant loss (P < 0.0001) [19].
• All basement membranes showed CCG labeling, with considerable variations in labeling densities between PT (124 +/- 8.8/micron 2) and DT (52 +/- 1.8/micron 2), as well as between tubules and Bowman's capsule (P < 0.0001) [19].

Associations of Colloidal gold with other chemical compounds

• Colloidal gold-labeled antibody staining of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, a liver-specific mitochondrial enzyme, and catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme, first appeared 60 hours and 4.5 days postregeneration, respectively [20].
• Colloidal gold particles were restricted to endothelial cells, showing an asymmetric labelling pattern, which was always characterized by markedly higher density of immunolabelling of the abluminal rather than the luminal plasmalemma [21].

Gene context of Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold labeling was also performed using an anti-human myocilin polyclonal antibody [22].
• Colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry with antibodies directed against the insulin receptor, IGF-I receptor and IGF-I ligand has confirmed the presence of these molecules in bovine blastocysts [23].
• Colloidal gold immunocytochemistry was used to quantify the human PAI-1 antigen at 7, 20, 34, and 49 weeks of ZnSO4 administration [24].
• The following experimental procedure was employed: Colloidal gold particles, varying in size from approximately 20 to 170 A in diameter were coated with nucleoplasmin, a 165,000-mol-wt karyophilic protein, which is known to be transported through the envelope [25].
• Colloidal gold to which rat transferrin was adsorbed was used as an electron microscopical marker in order to follow the route taken by internalised transferrin across the visceral yolk sac [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Colloidal gold

• Colloidal gold particles (15 nm diameter) coated with ExtrAvidin were used in place of the FITC-ExtrAvidin, and the carbon-fiber surface was imaged with scanning electron microscopy on a submicron scale [27].
• Colloidal gold particles have multiple uses as three-dimensional atomic force microscopy imaging standards because they are incompressible, monodisperse, and spherical [28].
• Colloidal gold nanoparticles were used to develop a simple microfluidics-based bioassay that is able to recognize and detect specific DNA sequences via conformational change-induced fluorescence quenching [29].
• Colloidal gold fluorescent microspheres: a new retrograde marker visualized by light and electron microscopy [30].
• Colloidal gold-labelling, combined with transmission electron microscopy, is a valuable technique for high-resolution immunolocalization of identified antigens in different subcellular compartments [31].

References