Disease relevance of CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• Our studies strongly support a role for HSP-reactive T cells in CdCl2-induced interstitial nephritis and suggest that the induction of HSPs in the kidney by a multitude of "non-immune" events may initiate or facilitate inflammatory damage by HSP-reactive lymphocytes [1].
• Neurtrophil degranulation in cadmium-chloride-induced acute lung inflammation [2].
• By 4 and 7 days after CdCl2, various forms of intraluminal fibrosis, including intrabronchiolar budding, mural incorporation, and obliterative changes, were observed [3].
• Lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) into the rat lung may serve as a model of human interstitial lung disease [3].
• Investigation of acute toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2 . H2O) metal salt and behavioral changes it causes on water frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771) [4].

High impact information on CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• CdCl2 also induces HSP70 expression in cultured tubular epithelial cells from SJL/J mice [1].
• Neither AA nor CdCl2 affected cell viability, Na+-glucose cotransport or total rate of protein synthesis [5].
• METHODS: The effects of AA on PT functions including reabsorption of LMWP were investigated on the well-established opossum kidney (OK) cell line, a model for PT, and compared with those of the classical PT toxin cadmium chloride (CdCl2) [5].
• A strong accumulation of the LeUBC1-transcript was observed by exposure to heavy metal stress which was performed by treatment with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CdCl2 induces impairment of testicular function and causes a marked reduction in testicular LDH-X activity; that LDH-X activity is a biological marker of testicular damage; and that, except at high doses of CdCl2, this damage can be prevented by oxypurinol or SOD [7].

Biological context of CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• Up-regulation of HSP70 expression was demonstrated following treatment with menadione, CdCl2 and NaAsO2, but not with the other chemicals tested [8].
• Effect of cadmium (CdCl2) on cell proliferation and production of EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) by cultured human umbilical arterial endothelial cells [9].

Anatomical context of CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• CD4+, TCR-alpha/beta+ T cell lines specific for an immunodominant HSP peptide are cytotoxic to heat stressed or CdCl2-treated renal tubular cells [1].
• The prostate epithelium of rats which received repeated cadmium chloride (CdCl2) injections showed a gradual disruption of structural differentiation [10].
• Ethanol and CdCl2 showed clastogenic activity, but it was not restricted to germ cells [11].
• Changes in the number and ex vivo function of peripheral blood neutrophils were investigated following intraperitoneal administration of cadmium-chloride in rats [12].
• We have utilized this system for examining the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and other toxic substances known to affect the testis [13].

Associations of CADMIUM CHLORIDE with other chemical compounds

• Germinating Vicia faba (field bean) seedlings were kept in water with either methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), mitomycin C (MMC), cycloheximide (CH), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), or chromium trichloride (CrCl3) [14].
• The release of CGRP and substance P induced by electrical stimulation was abolished in Ca2+-free medium containing CDTA and also in normal medium containing the calcium channel blocker cadmium chloride (CdCl2), with no change in the level of the basal release of both peptides [15].
• Cellular effects and mobilization of metals by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) were studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes incubated with lead acetate (PbAc), lead-diethyldithiocarbamate (Pb(DTC)2), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), cadmium-diethyldithiocarbamate (Cd(DTC)2), mercuric acetate (HgAc) and methylmercuric chloride (MeHgCl) [16].
• Riverine catfish (Rita rita) and marine mudfish (Apocryptes bato) were given a single intraperitoneal injection with two selected inducing compounds; beta-naphthoflavone (BNF, 50 mg/kg) and a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Clophen A50, 20 mg/kg), and the heavy metal compound cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 1 mg/kg) [17].

Gene context of CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in cells incubated with CdCl2, Cd(DTC)2 and HgAc was significantly decreased [16].
• Cadmium-chloride-induced air-space enlargement with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is not associated with destruction of lung elastin. Implications for the pathogenesis of human emphysema [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CADMIUM CHLORIDE

• Such HSP-reactive T cells mediate an inflammatory interstitial nephritis after adoptive transfer to CdCl2-treated mice at a time when immunoreactive HSP70 is detectable in the kidneys, but before the development of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates [1].
• Two doses (400 micrograms or 50 micrograms of CdCl2, each in 400 microliters of neutral saline) were used and the morphologic changes occurring during the first 7 days after a single exposure were documented by light and electron microscopy [3].

References