Disease relevance of ronidazole

• Influence of level, timing and duration of ronidazole water medication on histomoniasis in turkeys [1].
• The potential toxicity of ronidazole residues present in the tissues of food-producing animals was assessed using the Ames mutagenicity test [2].
• Plasma ronidazole concentrations were examined after intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of ronidazole in sheep (n = 6) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight [3].

High impact information on ronidazole

• 5-Nitroimidazole derivatives such as metronidazole and ronidazole are known to be more difficult to reduce than 2-nitroimidazole derivatives, due to their lower redox potential [4].
• Metronidazole, ronidazole, secnidazole, benznidazole, and misonidazole are reduced by intact Tritrichomonas foetus cells to nitro anion radicals that can be detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy [5].
• Nitrofurantoin, nifurtimox, nifuroxime, nitrofurazone, misonidazole, benznidazole, ronidazole, and ornidazole were reduced to their respective nitro radical anions by intact rat hepatocytes at pH 7 [6].
• The metabolic activation of ronidazole [(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-yl)-methyl carbamate] to reactive metabolites by mammalian, cecal bacterial and T. foetus enzymes [7].
• Determination of dimetridazole, ronidazole and their common metabolite in poultry muscle and eggs by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and confirmatory analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry [8].

Biological context of ronidazole

• In addition, similar examinations of chromosomes were made on mice given five consecutive dosages of ronidazole and killed 6 h after the last dose [9].
• Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitro-imidazole. IV. The role of the microflora [10].
• Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. VIII. Identification of the 2-methylene position as a site of protein alkylation [11].
• Influence of feeding on the bioavailability of ronidazole prolonged-release formulations in pigeons [12].
• The pharmacokinetics of ronidazole and the bioavailability of a prolonged release tablet were studied in the homing pigeon [13].

Anatomical context of ronidazole

• The metabolites of ronidazole formed by the incubation of ronidazole with microsomes under anaerobic conditions were also not mutagenic [2].
• When radioactive 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-methanol carbamate, ronidazole, labeled at the 4,5-ring positions was administered orally to germ-free and conventional rats, a much larger fraction of the radioactivity was excreted in the feces of the conventional animals [10].
• The use of rat liver microsomes to reduce ronidazole led to the formation of the disubstituted ronidazole-cysteine adduct [14].

Associations of ronidazole with other chemical compounds

• A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for the qualitative determination of ronidazole, dimetridazole and their major metabolite, hydroxydimetridazole, in pork and poultry muscle [15].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of ronidazole (RDZ), tinidazole (TDZ), and metronidazole (MDZ) against Tritrichomonas foetus in vitro and of RDZ for treatment of feline naturally occurring or experimentally induced T. foetus infection [16].
• Carbadox and tiamulin were the most effective in vitro, followed by ronidazole, dimetridazole, and lincomycin [17].
• The lethal activity of dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole, tinidazole, and furazolidone in vitro was demonstrated [18].
• Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. V. Cysteine adducts formed upon reduction of ronidazole by dithionite or rat liver enzymes in the presence of cysteine [14].

Gene context of ronidazole

• Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. II. Involvement of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in protein alkylation in vitro [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ronidazole

• Determination of ronidazole in pig and turkey feeding stuffs by gas-liquid chromatography [20].
• HPLC analysis of acid hydrolyzed in vivo protein-bound residues, obtained from [2-14CH2] ronidazole, produced a radiochromatographic profile which was virtually identical to that obtained from a similarly treated in vitro sample [21].
• Determination of ronidazole in swine tissues by differential pulse polarography [22].
• These results suggest that oral administration of ronidazole to sheep is of little therapeutic use, because most is metabolised by the ruminal micro-organisms before it can reach the circulation [3].

References