Disease relevance of Sudan IV

• Sudan IV was used to stain the lipid containing plaques of the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta and the surface area occupied by atheroma was assessed [1].
• Aortic fat deposition was evaluated by Sudan IV staining and coronary atherosclerosis was assessed histologically [2].
• Genetically obese pigs were no more susceptible to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and to the percentage of the surface area of the aorta stained with Sudan IV than were lean pigs [3].
• The prevalence and the extent of raised atherosclerotic lesions (fibrous plaques, complicated lesions and calcinosis) in the aorta and coronary arteries were determined by visual planimetry after staining with Sudan IV [4].
• Biobrane proved superior to Scarlet Red with respect to control of pain, accumulation of exudate, and healing time; the materials were equal with regard to adherence to the wound, the character of exudate, and the appearance of cellulitis [5].

High impact information on Sudan IV

• Lipid staining with Sudan IV allowed the onset and disappearance of lipid-laden macrophages to be ascertained [6].
• Both hormones also increased the number of Sudan IV-positive colonies (adipocytes), certain types of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (alpha-NBE)-positive colonies (monocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes), and ED2-positive colonies (macrophages) [7].
• At the end of the experiment, the aortas were removed, opened and stained for lipid with Sudan IV [8].
• Carotid artery Sudan IV staining for fatty streaks was significantly increased only in diabetic pigs [9].
• Morphological (quantitation of adipocyte foci number and area after staining cultures with Sudan IV) and biochemical (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) methods of assessing adipogenesis were used [10].

Biological context of Sudan IV

• The mice receiving the AAV/IL-10 virus had significantly lower levels of atherogenesis (Sudan IV-staining and histology) than the untreated or the AAV/GM-CSF-treated animals, dropping from 53% to 17% (p < 0.05) [11].
• The Sudan IV lipid stained area ratio on the inner surface of the aorta was significantly lower in the deep seawater groups than in the control group, while there was no difference between the surface seawater and control groups [12].

Anatomical context of Sudan IV

• The aorta and right coronary arteries were stained with Sudan IV and the degree and extent of sudanophilia was quantitated by image analysis [13].
• Fifteen basilar arteries were obtained at autopsy (age--61 +/- 2; males--6, females--9; black--6, white--9), fixed in formalin, opened along the ventral aspect and stained grossly with Sudan IV to delineate fat-containing lesions [14].
• Eosinophil distribution was assessed using Scarlet Red stain and a polyclonal antibody recognizing eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) [15].
• Four rings of thoracic aorta were used for tension studies; these rings and the aortas from the aortic arch to bifurcation were then fixed in formol and stained with Sudan IV to determine the area of luminal atherosclerotic lesions by a computerized laser-scanning approach [16].
• In a combined autopsy and surgical study, we evaluated Sudan IV staining in 73 persons with normal parathyroid glands and 13 patients with hyperfunctioning glands [17].

Associations of Sudan IV with other chemical compounds

• An accurate method based on the use of reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry interfaced with electrospray (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was devised for the determination of Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III and Sudan IV in hot chilli food samples [18].
• Fluorescence of intracellular lamellae was quenched with Sudan black B and enhanced with Sudan IV thus providing evidence for the suberized nature of a tissue heretofore regarded as nonsuberized [19].

Gene context of Sudan IV

• Moreover, Sudan IV staining revealed an increase in aortic atherosclerotic plaque surface (24.3+/-5.2% [PBS] versus 38.2+/-9.5% [MCP-1]; P<0.01) [20].
• Arteries stained with Sudan IV for gross evaluation were subsequently processed for SEM and TEM [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sudan IV

• Atherosclerotic lesions and C2I deposition in aortic samples were examined by Sudan IV staining and autoradiography, respectively [22].
• The area of Sudan IV positive intimal lesions (atherosclerotic plaques) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the treated group compared to the control group [23].
• Studies of dermal-epidermal interactions were conducted with guinea pig flank skin and intradermal injections of the irritant, Sudan IV dye in olive oil [24].
• The study used immunohistochemistry for immunocompetent cells, differentiation markers for the epidermis and desmosomal proteins, and immunoelectron microscopy for desmosomal protein, in addition to routine histologic examination, including Sudan IV, periodic acid Schiff, and Grocott stains [25].

References