Disease relevance of ERUCIC ACID

• The SLC1-1 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis and a high erucic acid-containing Brassica napus cv Hero under the control of a constitutive (tandem cauliflower mosaic virus 35S) promoter [1].
• The hypothesis that dietary erucic acid may contribute to the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been examined in pregnant rats and hamsters after prolonged feeding of diets containing 25% rapeseed oil rich in erucic acid (40% of fatty acids) or corn oil, without erucic acid [2].
• Induction of a reversible cardiac lipidosis by a dietary long-chain fatty acid (erucic acid). Relationship to lipid accumulation in border zones of myocardial infarcts [3].
• We conclude that dietary erucic acid therapy is effective in lowering plasma C26:0 to normal in ALD patients, and may prevent further demyelination in some mildly affected boys [4].
• Herring oil glycerides contain cetoleic acid (cis-11-docosenoic) which could have a similar effect to erucic acid (cis-13-docosenoic) in causing a rat cardiomyopathy [5].

Psychiatry related information on ERUCIC ACID

• 1. Experiments were done to measure the effects of 100 and 200 g/kg of either pea meal or low glucosinolate, low erucic acid rapeseed meal on food intake and growth, food choice and meat organoleptic quality in broiler chickens [6].

High impact information on ERUCIC ACID

• Giant platelets in erucic acid therapy for adrenoleukodystrophy [7].
• However, we were unable to detect any corresponding changes in brain indicating that little erucic acid crossed the blood-brain barrier [8].
• To examine directly the role of these changes in neutral lipid metabolism in the development of irreversible cellular injury and associated increases in tissue Ca2+ content, the authors fed rats large amounts of a fatty acid (erucic acid) that is poorly oxidized by the heart and that subsequently accumulates as neutral lipid [3].
• Rats fed a high erucic acid (C22:1) diet in the form of 20% rapeseed oil for 3-5 days had a fourfold increase in triglyceride (49.5 +/- 3.8 SEM mg/g wet wt versus 13.6 +/- 13, n = 4) and a 60% increase in long-chain acyl CoA content (166.0 +/- 21.9 versus 91.5 +/- 9.0 nM/g wet wt, n = 4), compared with controls [3].
• However, continued erucic acid intake for 3 months was associated with focal myocardial degeneration and loss of myocytes [3].

Biological context of ERUCIC ACID

• Effects of high and low erucic acid rapeseed oils on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function of the chick [9].
• Only prolonged feeding of low erucic acid rapeseed oils resulted in significant alterations in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation [10].
• The Bn-FAE1.1 gene of Askari, unlike that of Drakkar, was functionally expressed in yeast cells suggesting that the single amino acid exchange effects the low erucic acid phenotype at the E1 gene locus [11].
• Molecular tagging of erucic acid trait in oilseed mustard (Brassica juncea) by QTL mapping and single nucleotide polymorphisms in FAE1 gene [12].
• This incorporation of erucic acid into triglycerides of the floating fat was evidence of esterification [13].

Anatomical context of ERUCIC ACID

• Fatty acid analysis of postmortem tissues from 1 boy treated for 10 months suggested that dietary erucic acid entered the heart, liver, adrenal gland, and brain [4].
• It is suggested that CoA esters that are poorly oxidized by the mitochondria (e.g., esters of erucic acid, of some fatty acids with trans double bonds, and of clofibric acid) may trigger the adaptation process.-Bremer, J., and K [14].
• Characterization of lipases from the lipid bodies and microsomal membranes of erucic acid-free oilseed-rape (Brassica napus) cotyledons [15].
• Chain-shortening of erucic acid and microperoxisomal beta-oxidation in rat small intestine [16].
• Chain shortening of erucic acid in isolated liver cells [17].

Associations of ERUCIC ACID with other chemical compounds

• In a double-blind crossover study of patients who were on chronic oleic acid (C18:1) therapy, addition of erucic acid to the diet led to a further reduction in plasma hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) concentration [4].
• Although oxidized less than oleic acid, erucic acid was readily transported to the mitochondria [18].
• Male weanling rats were fed soybean or low erucic acid rapeseed oils alone or in combination with cocoa butter (a source high in saturates) or triolein for 16 weeks [19].
• Morphometric investigations were performed to assess the effectiveness of the hypolipidemic agent HL 41, erucic acid, ethanol, nifedipine, chlorpromazine, two cardiotonic drugs, isoprenaline, adriamycin, and physical exercise [20].
• We have postulated that linolenic acid plays a role in the etiology of cardiac necrosis observed when rats are fed diets containing low erucic acid rapeseed oils [21].

Gene context of ERUCIC ACID

• Short chain fatty acids (FAs) appeared more selective for PPARalpha than for hNUC1, whereas the very long chain FA, erucic acid (C22:1) was more selective for hNUC1 [22].
• Utility of the Arabidopsis FAE1 and yeast SLC1-1 genes for improvements in erucic acid and oil content in rapeseed [23].
• On the contrary, erucic acid anilide inhibited PMA-induced oxidative burst, and shifted the peak ROS production induced by PMA to a later time-point [24].
• The objectives of the present research were to study the inheritance of the HO and LL traits in crosses HO x LL, and to develop HOLL recombinants, both in high erucic-acid and zero erucic-acid backgrounds [25].
• Erucic acid was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on columns packed with YMC C18 (10-20 microns, 120 A) [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ERUCIC ACID

• Electron microscopy of the hearts perfused with erucic acid revealed a widespread, and quantitatively demonstrable general movement of lipid droplets towards the surface of the cell [18].
• Size exclusion chromatography of solubilised microsomes revealed the presence of a high molecular mass acyl-CoA elongase complex in high erucic acid rapeseed which was absent in microsomes isolated from LEAR seeds [27].
• Male, female and castrated rats, three wk of age, were fed a low-fat diet for 14 wk followed by high-fat diets (20% by weight) for one wk containing graded levels of erucic acid from 1 to 50%, to evaluate the effect of short-term feeding and interaction of male sex hormones on formation of heart lesions [28].
• Purification of erucic acid by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and crystallization [26].
• PCR amplification and subsequent cloning and sequencing identified two FAE1 genes ( FAE1.1 and FAE1.2) in both high and low erucic acid mustard lines [12].

References