Disease relevance of Brassica rapa

• We investigated how effectively postmenopausal women with a previous myocardial infarction reduced their serum cholesterol with dietary means by using sitostanol ester rapeseed oil margarine, alone and in combination with statins, and to what extent cholesterol metabolism was affected [1].
• The hypothesis that dietary erucic acid may contribute to the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been examined in pregnant rats and hamsters after prolonged feeding of diets containing 25% rapeseed oil rich in erucic acid (40% of fatty acids) or corn oil, without erucic acid [2].
• In a parallel approach, a cDNA was isolated from a rapeseed library by its ability to complement the Etn requirement of a yeast cho1 mutant and shown by expression in E. coli to specify SDC [3].
• Synechococcus transformed with a chimeric gene that contains a prokaryotic promoter fused to the rapeseed cDNA encoding all but the first 73 amino acids partially converted its oleic acid fatty acid to linoleic acid, and the 16:1(9c) fatty acid was converted primarily to 16:2(9c, 12) in vivo [4].
• Normal circulating triiodothyronine concentrations are maintained despite severe hypothyroidism in growing pigs fed rapeseed presscake meal [5].

Psychiatry related information on Brassica rapa

• 1. Experiments were done to measure the effects of 100 and 200 g/kg of either pea meal or low glucosinolate, low erucic acid rapeseed meal on food intake and growth, food choice and meat organoleptic quality in broiler chickens [6].
• However, the rapeseed oil group exhibited much higher locomotor activity than that expected from the alpha-linolenate/linoleate ratio [7].
• Consequently, the two-step preparation was found to convert rapeseed oil to fatty acid methyl esters in considerably shorter reaction time and milder reaction condition than the direct supercritical methanol treatment [8].

High impact information on Brassica rapa

• RESULTS: 1,3-Butadiene, benzene, acrolein, formaldehyde, and other related compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively detected, with emissions tending to be highest for unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil and lowest for peanut oil [9].
• The oils tested were unrefined Chinese rapeseed, refined U.S. rapeseed (known as canola), Chinese soybean, and Chinese peanut in addition to linolenic, linoleic, and erucic fatty acids [9].
• The emission of 1,3-butadiene and benzene was approximately 22-fold and 12-fold higher, respectively, from heated unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil than from heated peanut oil [9].
• The epidemic has been traced to ingestion of rapeseed oil, denatured with aniline and containing acetanilide [10].
• Prevention by menadione of the hepatotoxic effects in chickens fed rapeseed meal. Observations on coagulation factors and cytochrome P-450 [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Brassica rapa

• The hydrophobic fraction obtained by the extraction of seeds with methylene chloride showed no toxicity; the behavior of tested animals was similar to that of the group given an equivalent dose of rapeseed oil [12].
• The objective of this work was to study the effect of the extraction of phenols by methanol/acetone/water and proteolysis (pepsin 1 hour; trypsin 2 hours) on the nutritional characteristics of unheated rapeseed protein as measured by weight gain, protein intake, net protein ratio, apparent digestibility and absorbed protein [13].
• A combination of a rapeseed diet and the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) also led to hepatocellular hypertrophy but the histological picture of the cirrhosis was similar to the one in control animals receiving CCl4 alone [14].
• The use of a rapeseed oil emulsion feed, produced by a phase inversion temperature (PIT) process, produced more biomass, gave a 3-fold increase in oil utilisation and a higher oxytetracycline titre but a higher residual oil concentration when compared to a conventional fed-batch Streptomyces rimosus process fed with crude rapeseed oil [15].

Biological context of Brassica rapa

• Developmental stage-specific and nitrate-independent regulation of nitrate reductase gene expression in rapeseed [16].
• Despite Arabidopsis being closely related to rapeseed, and an indication of developmental compression of its inner integument, the Arabidopsis genome is suggestive of only one Cys proteinase that shows approximately 72% identity to BnCysP1 [17].
• The enhancement of platelet aggregation was associated with increased in vitro platelet thromboxane production after the oil diets vs. the milk fat diet (p less than 0.05 after the sunflower oil diet and p less than 0.001 after the rapeseed oil diet) [18].
• We examined in rats the intestinal absorption of nine very different dietary fats (two rapeseed oils, corn, olive, palm and menhaden oil, butter, cocoa butter and lard) to investigate the influence of fatty acid profile and triacylglycerol structure on absorption [19].
• Effects of high and low erucic acid rapeseed oils on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function of the chick [20].

Anatomical context of Brassica rapa

• Stereospecific incorporation of palmitoyl, oleoyl and linoleoyl moieties into adipose tissue triacylglycerols of rats results in constant sn-1:sn-2:sn-3 in rats fed rapeseed, olive, conventional or high oleic sunflower oils, but not in those fed coriander oil [21].
• Spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times of the 1H NMR visible fatty acid resonances from myocardium of rapeseed oil-fed rats were similar in value to those measured for neat triolein [22].
• Feeding rats diets containing oils that have a low alpha-linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)] content, such as sunflower oil, results in reduced amounts of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] in all brain cells and organelles compared to rats fed a diet containing soybean oil or rapeseed oil [23].
• Inoculation of rapeseed (Brassica napus) or Chinese cabbage (B. sinensis) protoplasts was achieved via electroporation, and sensitive detection of viral RNA products was performed by Northern blot analyses using a non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled cDNA probe [24].
• Blood serum free thyroxine concentrations in rapeseed presscake meal-fed pigs were depressed, normal in thyroxine-supplemented pigs fed rapeseed presscake meal and above normal in thyroxine-supplemented controls, but serum free triiodothyronine concentrations were comparable in all groups [25].

Associations of Brassica rapa with chemical compounds

• Reconstituted oil bodies were also produced from TAG of a 1:2 molar mixture of triolein and trilinolein, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, and oleosins from rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), rapeseed (Brassica napus), soybean (Glycine max), or jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) [26].
• Manipulation of this pathway is significant for agriculture, because it is the basis of conversion of high erucic acid rapeseed into canola [27].
• A diet rich in monounsaturated rapeseed oil reduces the lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and increases the relative content of n-3 fatty acids in serum in hyperlipidemic subjects [28].
• Thus, it is proposed that serum leptin levels were affected by the high amount of alpha-linolenic acid in rapeseed oil [29].
• Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from meadowfoam mediates insertion of erucic acid at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol in transgenic rapeseed oil [30].

Gene context of Brassica rapa

• Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor proteins were evaluated in 115 patients having the chronic phase of the Toxic Epidemic Syndrome (TES), a new multisystemic disease probably caused by the ingestion of denatured rapeseed oil, and in 50 control volunteers [31].
• Feeding rapeseed oil increased the antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathion reductase), glutathione concentration, and value from the benzoic acid test [32].
• Ten, seven, and 39 C-to-U RNA editing events occur in the rapeseed nad3, rps12, and ccb206 transcripts, respectively [33].
• Seed-specific antisense gene constructs of B. rapa stearoyl-ACP desaturase were used to reduce the protein concentration and enzyme activity of stearoyl-ACP desaturase in developing rapeseed embryos during storage lipid biosynthesis [34].
• A rapeseed cold-inducible transcript encodes a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Brassica rapa

• For 2 wk, rats were fed three types of dietary oils: (i) corn oil (control) group; (ii) EPA group: EPA ethyl esters/rapeseed oil = 2:3; (iii) AA group: AA ethyl esters/palm oil/perilla oil = 2:2:1, with or without 0.5% (w/w) of sesamin [36].
• We have examined the structural and functional role of seven conserved cysteine residues in the rapeseed (Brassica napus) enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis [37].
• Purification and characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Brassica napus (rapeseed) suspension cell cultures: implications for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase regulation during phosphate starvation, and the integration of glycolysis with nitrogen assimilation [38].
• 1. Four steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given diets consisting of ground and pelleted alkali-treated straw, rolled barley and tapioca supplemented with urea (diet U) or containing single-cell protein (diet SCP), maize-gluten meal (diet MGM) or rapeseed meal (diet RSM) in place of some of the tapioca [39].
• In bioassays, phenmedipham prepared with methylated rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (20 EO) rapeseed oil was as efficacious on barley as a commercial formulation [40].

References