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Gene Review:

ADCY1 - adenylate cyclase 1 (brain)

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: AC1, ATP pyrophosphate-lyase 1, Adenylate cyclase type 1, Adenylate cyclase type I, Adenylyl cyclase 1, ...

Tallman, J.F. et al., Codina, J. et al., Sahyoun, N. et al., Atlas, D. et al., Nathanson, N.M. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of ADCY1

Formycin 5'-triphosphate (FoTP), a fluorescent analog of ATP, is shown to be a substrate for the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] from rat osteosarcoma cells [1].
Incubation of neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells for 12-97 hr with methionine-enkephalin results in an increase in adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] that is mediated by the opiate receptor [2].
Patients who have pseudohypoparathyroidism type I associated with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy commonly have a genetic deficiency of the alpha subunit of the G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase (alpha Gs) (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase, EC 4.6.1.1) [3].
The immunoreactivity and activity of adenylate cyclase type I are changed in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils [4].

High impact information on ADCY1

An odor-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] is thought to mediate olfactory transduction in vertebrates [5].
Accordingly, a reconstitution system was developed with adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] from erythrocyte ghosts and the soluble activator from liver cytosol [6].
The final step in a scheme for the purification of the guanine nucleotide- and Mg2+-binding stimulatory regulatory component (Ns) of adenylyl cyclase [adenylate cyclase; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] from human erythrocyte membranes involves chromatography over hydroxylapatite (HAP) which yields two fractions [7].
Pretreatment of cells with sulfhydryl-blocking reagents (iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and N-ethylmaleimide) prevents cluster formation but does not alter the ability of agonists to inhibit adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity [8].
Carbachol, an activator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of NG108-15 hybrid cells, inhibits adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] rapidly and reversibly and slowly evokes a 200-300% increase in adenylate cyclase activity over a period of 24-30 hr [9].

Anatomical context of ADCY1

Ca2+ is a powerful inhibitor (Ki is congruent to 16 muM) of basal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing); EC 4.6.1.1] activity in membranes obtained from homogenized human platelets [10].
The effects of GTP on adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] of human and rat fat cell membranes ("ghosts" and purified membranes) were examined in the absence and presence of added inorganic salts [11].
Cholera toxin (choleragen) can stimulate adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing)] activity in whole particulate fractions or purified plasma membranes of homogenates of isolated fat cells provided special precautions are taken to stabilize the enzyme during the required preincubation period [12].
HeLa cells contain beta-adrenergic receptors that are characterized by specific binding of I[3H]dihydroalprenolol, increased 3':5'-cyclic AMP production in intact cells after incubation with l-isoproterenol, and increased adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity in the presence of l-isoproterenol [13].
Adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity of purified secretory vesicle membranes from the adrenal medulla is inhibited by I-isoproterenol and I-epinephrine, as well as by nerve growth factor (NGF) [14].

Associations of ADCY1 with chemical compounds

Activation of the adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1[ from turkey erythrocytes by isoproterenol decreased precipitously below 26 degrees [15].
The results indicate that there is a postsynaptic dopamine receptor on carp horizontal cells that is associated with adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] [16].
In addition, exposure of intact platelets to clonidine-NCS, followed by extensive washing, results in the loss of of epinephrine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] in frozen--thawed platelets and in purified platelet membranes [17].
The compound inhibits irreversibly 1-epinephrine-dependent adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] in the whole turkey erythrocyte as well as in the erythrocyte membranes possessing the beta-receptor [18].
Adenylate cyclase (ATP-pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing); EC 4.6.1.1) in the human keratinocyte cell line SCC 12F was potentiated by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol-12,13-diacetate, and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol [19].

Other interactions of ADCY1

Dopamine D2 receptors couple to the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (ATP-pyrophosphate-lyase, cyclizing; EC 4.6.1.1) [20].
Treatment of purified rat ovarian plasma membranes with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) abolishes the subsequent response of adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1, ATP pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing)] to lutropin (LH) and follitropin (FSH) but not to NaF [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ADCY1

To determine the potential role of other AC isoforms we localized the Adcy genes in the visual centres during development, using in situ hybridization [22].

References

Formycin 5'-triphosphate, a fluorescent analog of ATP, as a substrate for adenylate cyclase. Rossomando, E.F., Jahngen, J.H., Eccleston, J.F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1981) [Pubmed]
Tolerance and dependence evoked by an endogenous opiate peptide. Lampert, A., Nirenberg, M., Klee, W.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1976) [Pubmed]
Genetic deficiency of the alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gs as the molecular basis for Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Levine, M.A., Ahn, T.G., Klupt, S.F., Kaufman, K.D., Smallwood, P.M., Bourne, H.R., Sullivan, K.A., Van Dop, C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1988) [Pubmed]
The immunoreactivity and activity of adenylate cyclase type I are changed in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Hwang, I.K., Yoo, K.Y., Kim, Y.S., Jung, B.K., Li, H., Kim, D.H., Kang, T.C., Shin, H.C., Won, M.H. J. Neurol. Sci. (2006) [Pubmed]
Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants. Lowe, G., Nakamura, T., Gold, G.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
Cytosolic activator of adenylate cyclase: Reconstitution, characterization, and mechanism of action. Sahyoun, N., LeVine, H., Stenbuck, P., Cuatrecasas, P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1983) [Pubmed]
Pertussis toxin substrate, the putative Ni component of adenylyl cyclases, is an alpha beta heterodimer regulated by guanine nucleotide and magnesium. Codina, J., Hildebrandt, J., Iyengar, R., Birnbaumer, L., Sekura, R.D., Manclark, C.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1983) [Pubmed]
Cluster formation of opiate (enkephalin) receptors in neuroblastoma cells: differences between agonists and antagonists and possible relationships to biological functions. Hazum, E., Chang, K.J., Cuatrecasas, P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1980) [Pubmed]
Regulation of adenylate cyclase activity mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Nathanson, N.M., Klein, W.L., Nirenberg, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1978) [Pubmed]
Interrelationships between Ca2+ and adenylate and guanylate cyclases in the control of platelet secretion and aggregation. Rodan, G.A., Feinstein, M.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1976) [Pubmed]
Salts promote activation of fat cell adenylate cyclase by GTP: special role for sodium ion. Katz, M.S., Partilla, J.S., Piñeyro, M.A., Schneyer, C.R., Gregerman, R.I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1981) [Pubmed]
Mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin. Sahyoun, N., Cuatrecasas, P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1975) [Pubmed]
Induction of functional beta-adrenergic receptors in HeLa cells. Tallman, J.F., Smith, C.C., Henneberry, R.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1977) [Pubmed]
Control of adenylate cyclase from secretory vesicle membranes by beta-adrenergic agents and nerve growth factor. Nikodijevic, O., Nikodijevic, B., Zinder, O., Yu, M.Y., Guroff, G., Pollard, H.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1976) [Pubmed]
Fatty acids as modulators of membrane functions: catecholamine-activated adenylate cyclase of the turkey erythrocyte. Orly, J., Schramm, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1975) [Pubmed]
Isolated horizontal cells from carp retina demonstrate dopamine-dependent accumulation of cyclic AMP. Van Buskirk, R., Dowling, J.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1981) [Pubmed]
Clonidine p-isothiocyanate, an affinity label for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors on human platelets. Atlas, D., Steer, M.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1982) [Pubmed]
Affinity label for beta-adrenergic receptor in turkey erythrocytes. Atlas, D., Steer, M.L., Levitzki, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1976) [Pubmed]
Modulation of adenylate cyclase in human keratinocytes by protein kinase C. Choi, E.J., Toscano, W.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1988) [Pubmed]
Pivotal role for aspartate-80 in the regulation of dopamine D2 receptor affinity for drugs and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Neve, K.A., Cox, B.A., Henningsen, R.A., Spanoyannis, A., Neve, R.L. Mol. Pharmacol. (1991) [Pubmed]
Uncoupling of gonadotropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Evidence for modification of two sites. Azulai, R., Salomon, Y. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. (1980) [Pubmed]
Role of the calcium modulated cyclases in the development of the retinal projections. Nicol, X., Bennis, M., Ishikawa, Y., Chan, G.C., Repérant, J., Storm, D.R., Gaspar, P. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2006) [Pubmed]

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