Disease relevance of epi

• In arterioles, epi-illumination provoked vasomotion, while thrombus formation was significantly (p <0.05) delayed with first platelet deposition after 2.32 +/- 0.22 min and complete vessel occlusion within 20.07 +/- 3.84 min [1].
• Mice treated with CDDP/epi gel i.t. alone or in combination with irradiation, had little systemic toxicity [2].
• PURPOSE: Effects of combining local irradiation and intratumoral (i.t.) administration of cisplatin (CDDP) in a sustained-release drug delivery system (epi gel) were studied in a murine SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma model in mice [2].
• CONCLUSION: In the human pancreatic cancer xenografts, i.t. administration of 5-FU/epi injectable gel provided significantly higher drug and/or metabolite concentrations for extended periods than was possible with either i.t. or i.p administration of drug solution [3].
• Mast cells stained with mouse antihuman mast cell antitryptase clone AA1 as well as fibrosis, were quantitatively estimated in both epi- and endoneurial compartments [4].

Psychiatry related information on epi

• Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (OMIM 243800) is an autosomal recessive disorder that includes congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, multiple malformations such as nasal wing aplasia, and frequent mental retardation [5].

High impact information on epi

• In addition, we found that Ubr1(-/-) mice, whose previously reported phenotypes include reduced weight and behavioral abnormalities, had an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with impaired stimulus-secretion coupling and increased susceptibility to pancreatic injury [5].
• Postnatally, ER distention and activation of the ER stress transducer IRE1alpha accompanied increased cell death and led to progressive diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency [6].
• Diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in E2F1/E2F2 double-mutant mice [7].
• Enterokinase activity can be induced in epi mice by feeding its substrate trypsinogen, but not by trypsin or chymotrypsinogen [8].
• Receptors for the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex (markers for ileal mucosal) were present in the ileum equally in normal and in epi mice [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of epi

• Intestinal enzyme activities were investigated in mice with spontaneously occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), in rats after induction of pancreatic insufficiency by intraductal injection of oleic acid, and in rats after feeding a proteinase inhibitor (Camostate) which induced a marked pancreatic hypertrophy [9].

Biological context of epi

• Area-under-the-curve (AUC0-24 h) calculations resulted in an AUC value of 146.4% h for the 5-FU/epi gel formulation as compared with 45.7% h for 5-FU solution [10].

Anatomical context of epi

• Double labeled studies of protein turnover revealed a longer half-life for large brush border proteins (mol wt above 175,000) in epi mice than in normal mice [8].
• Enterokinase activity (a marker for duodenal mucosa) was nearly absent from the duodenum of epi mice [8].
• In venules, epi-illumination induced rapid thrombus formation with first platelet deposition after 0.56 +/- 0.11 min and complete vessel occlusion within 5.05 +/- 0.45 min [11].
• The passage of injected fluorescently labeled MBMMC within blood vessels of the striated skin muscle was observed by stroboscopic epi-illumination [12].
• F4/80 was also present in numerous cells within the retina, epi- and subretinal membranes [13].

Associations of epi with chemical compounds

• Tumor growth was significantly delayed (P < 0.05) with the 5-FU/epi gel (60 mg/kg) as compared with 5-FU solution given intratumorally or systemically [10].
• In this study, we evaluated a novel drug delivery system, 5-FU/epinephrine injectable gel (5-FU/epi gel), designed to improve drug retention in tumors [3].
• At pH 2.0 the labelling of glycocalyx moieties (such as sialic acid) with cationic colloidal gold was disrupted in some epi- and endoneurial vessels of 4-day rats, but in a greater proportion after 14 days [14].
• Both epi- and subretinal membranes contained cells probably derived from Müller cells, since they exhibited co-localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein- and glutamine synthase immunoreactivities [13].
• Bioassay-guided investigation of the ethanol extract of Peperomia galioides using a tensile strength method in mice as a monitor led to the isolation of epi-alpha-bisabolol (1) (ED(50) 155 microg/mL) [15].

Other interactions of epi

• Alkaline phosphatase (mol wt 145,000), trehalase (mol wt 95,000), and peptidase (mol wt 175,000) activities were unaffected in proximal segments from epi mice [8].
• Mapping of electrical activity of epi- and endocardial left ventricular free wall revealed activation delay, increased heterogeneity in conduction and regional conduction block [16].
• Neuraminidase and periodate treatment of the parasites increased the uptake of epi- and trypomastigote forms [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of epi

• A 5-FU/epi injectable gel was designed, providing drug release in vitro of 50% by approximately 4 h and of 80% by 24 h [10].
• Whole endorgans or cryosections were analyzed under epi-fluorescent or confocal microscopy [18].
• The selected fields were recorded under trans- and epi-illumination using video microscopy [19].
• Platelet thrombi formed around the implanted stents were continuously recorded by epi-fluorescent video-microscopy [20].
• An immunoassay for canine pancreatic elastase 1 as an indicator for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs [21].

References