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Fdx1  -  ferredoxin 1

Mus musculus

Synonyms: ADRENODOXIN, Adrenal ferredoxin, Adrenodoxin, mitochondrial, Ferredoxin-1
 
 
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Disease relevance of Fdx1

 

High impact information on Fdx1

  • Identification of an idiotypic marker of a major regulatory T cell of the immune response in B10.BR mice to ferredoxin. The relationship of idiotypic regulation to conventional hapten-carrier effects [4].
  • Its active site structure and redox properties suggest that AIF functions as an electron transferase with a mechanism similar to that of the bacterial ferredoxin reductases, its closest evolutionary homologs [5].
  • Assignment of the functional gene for human adrenodoxin to chromosome 11q13----qter and of adrenodoxin pseudogenes to chromosome 20cen----q13.1 [1].
  • The T-cell line and T-cell clones derived from it release interleukin 2 not only in the presence of anti-Fd-B2 idiotype antibody but in the presence of ferredoxin [6].
  • One of the proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm electrophoretically comigrates with purified beef adrenodoxin reductase and another with beef adrenodoxin [7].
 

Biological context of Fdx1

 

Anatomical context of Fdx1

  • Specificity of the Fd11 TsF for Fd was established by comparing it to another TsF isolated by us (A10 TsF) in a sandwich ELISA, and by demonstrating the specific reactivity to Fd of the hybridoma in calcium flux studies [9].
  • Adrenocorticotropin acting through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates transcription of the bovine adrenodoxin (Adx) gene in the adrenal cortex [11].
  • As a result, it was concluded that adrenodoxin requires both mitochondrial and cytosol ribosomal activities for its synthesis and integration into adrenal mitochondria [12].
  • Delta2E1 was shown to be a soluble protein localized inside the mitochondria, displayed catalytic activity when reconstituted with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase, and was also present in mitochondria isolated from rat liver [13].
  • The various ferredoxin preparations were tested for their ability to sensitize mice for use in the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation assay [14].
 

Associations of Fdx1 with chemical compounds

  • Mouse cytochrome P-450 linked ferredoxin: its cDNA cloning and inducibility by dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and forskolin [15].
  • Interaction between mitochondrial CYP27B1 and adrenodoxin: role of arginine 458 of mouse CYP27B1 [16].
  • In Y-1 cells, 8Br-cAMP increased the abundance of all three proteins, while PMA/A23187 decreased the abundance of P450scc and Adx [17].
  • Furthermore, the increase in steroid production induced by StAR-containing lysate was not observed when COS1 lysate containing high levels of another mitochondrially imported protein, adrenodoxin, was used [18].
  • Other genes identified in this study as being induced in low iron and in the fur mutant include those encoding superoxide dismutase (sodA), fumarate dehydratase (fumC), bacterioferritin (bfr), bacterioferritin-associated ferredoxin (bfd), and multiple genes of unknown function [19].
 

Other interactions of Fdx1

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fdx1

  • Macrophage-derived NO. was detected by two independent methods: a bioassay for NO.-mediated relaxation of preconstricted rings of rabbit aorta; and a spectroscopic measurement of the reaction of NO. with clostridial ferredoxin, an Fe-S protein [24].
  • The immune status of mice primed and boosted with Fd was assessed by using two parameters of immunity: T cell proliferation and serum antibody production with the ELISA method [10].
  • By a fractionation/renaturation technique the Adx factor in mouse Y1 adrenocortical cells was found to be in the size range of 106-115 kDa by gel mobility shift assay [11].
  • In previous studies, nine different lysine residues were identified by chemical and immunological cross-linking experiments as potentially interacting with Adx, while in the present study, two arginine residues have been identified from sequence alignments [25].
  • Administration of the anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Fd-B2) i.v. to B10.BR mice, or treatment of B10.BR T cell-enriched populations with anti-Fd-B2 + C prior to adoptive transfer to irradiated B10.BR recipients followed by challenge with Fd resulted in a significant increase in the production of anti-Fd antibodies [26].

References

  1. Assignment of the functional gene for human adrenodoxin to chromosome 11q13----qter and of adrenodoxin pseudogenes to chromosome 20cen----q13.1. Morel, Y., Picado-Leonard, J., Wu, D.A., Chang, C.Y., Mohandas, T.K., Chung, B.C., Miller, W.L. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1988) [Pubmed]
  2. Immune response to ferredoxin; nonresponder status is not due to suppression. Sikora, L.K., Levy, J.G. J. Immunol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  3. Enzymatic properties of human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase coexpression with adrenodoxin and NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase in Escherichia coli. Sawada, N., Sakaki, T., Kitanaka, S., Takeyama, K., Kato, S., Inouye, K. Eur. J. Biochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  4. Identification of an idiotypic marker of a major regulatory T cell of the immune response in B10.BR mice to ferredoxin. The relationship of idiotypic regulation to conventional hapten-carrier effects. Weaver, M., Singhai, R., Sikora, L., Levy, J.G. J. Exp. Med. (1983) [Pubmed]
  5. The crystal structure of the mouse apoptosis-inducing factor AIF. Maté, M.J., Ortiz-Lombardía, M., Boitel, B., Haouz, A., Tello, D., Susin, S.A., Penninger, J., Kroemer, G., Alzari, P.M. Nat. Struct. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  6. Isolation of a T-cell clone that reacts with both antigen and anti-idiotype: evidence for anti-idiotype as internal image for antigen at the T-cell level. Singhai, R., Levy, J.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1987) [Pubmed]
  7. Adrenocorticotropic hormone increases specific proteins of the mitochondrial fraction that are translated inside or outside this organelle in cultured adrenal tumor cells. Ray, D.B., Horst, I.A., Kowal, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1980) [Pubmed]
  8. A full-length cDNA encoding mouse adrenodoxin. Stromstedt, M., Waterman, M.R. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1995) [Pubmed]
  9. Isolation of an antigen-specific T suppressor factor that suppresses the in vivo response of DBA/2 mice to ferredoxin. Steele, J.K., Chu, N.R., Chan, A., North, J., Levy, J.G. J. Immunol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  10. Genetic control of the immune response to ferredoxin: linkage and mapping of T cell proliferation and antibody production genes to the MHC of mice. Sikora, L.K., Levy, J.G. J. Immunol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  11. Three zinc finger nuclear proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and a ZBP-89 homologue, bind to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive sequence of the bovine adrenodoxin gene and regulate transcription. Cheng, P.Y., Kagawa, N., Takahashi, Y., Waterman, M.R. Biochemistry (2000) [Pubmed]
  12. Biosynthesis of adrenodoxin in mouse adrenal tumor cells. Asano, K., Harding, B.W. Endocrinology (1976) [Pubmed]
  13. A soluble NH(2)-terminally truncated catalytically active form of rat cytochrome P450 2E1 targeted to liver mitochondria(1). Neve, E.P., Ingelman-Sundberg, M. FEBS Lett. (1999) [Pubmed]
  14. The immune response to oxidized ferredoxin. II. Cross reactivity of cells and antisera to modified ferredoxins and the nature of the cells responding in vitro. Gregerson, D.S., Kelly, B., Levy, J.G. Immunology (1976) [Pubmed]
  15. Mouse cytochrome P-450 linked ferredoxin: its cDNA cloning and inducibility by dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and forskolin. Itoh, S., Iemura, O., Yamada, E., Yoshimura, T., Tsujikawa, K., Kohama, Y., Mimura, T. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1995) [Pubmed]
  16. Interaction between mitochondrial CYP27B1 and adrenodoxin: role of arginine 458 of mouse CYP27B1. Urushino, N., Yamamoto, K., Kagawa, N., Ikushiro, S., Kamakura, M., Yamada, S., Kato, S., Inouye, K., Sakaki, T. Biochemistry (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Regulation of proteins in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system in JEG-3 and Y-1 cells. Black, S.M., Szklarz, G.D., Harikrishna, J.A., Lin, D., Wolf, C.R., Miller, W.L. Endocrinology (1993) [Pubmed]
  18. Steroid production after in vitro transcription, translation, and mitochondrial processing of protein products of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. King, S.R., Ronen-Fuhrmann, T., Timberg, R., Clark, B.J., Orly, J., Stocco, D.M. Endocrinology (1995) [Pubmed]
  19. Iron and fur regulation in Vibrio cholerae and the role of fur in virulence. Mey, A.R., Wyckoff, E.E., Kanukurthy, V., Fisher, C.R., Payne, S.M. Infect. Immun. (2005) [Pubmed]
  20. Developmentally regulated expression of adrenal 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 in the mouse embryo. Keeney, D.S., Jenkins, C.M., Waterman, M.R. Endocrinology (1995) [Pubmed]
  21. Messenger RNAs encoding steroidogenic enzymes are expressed in rodent brain. Strömstedt, M., Waterman, M.R. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  22. Transcriptional regulation of the CYP11A1 and ferredoxin genes. Chung, B.C., Guo, I.C., Chou, S.J. Steroids (1997) [Pubmed]
  23. 7-Deoxydaunomycinone quinone methide reactivity with thiol nucleophiles. Ramakrishnan, K., Fisher, J. J. Med. Chem. (1986) [Pubmed]
  24. Activated murine macrophages secrete a metabolite of arginine with the bioactivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and the chemical reactivity of nitric oxide. Stuehr, D.J., Gross, S.S., Sakuma, I., Levi, R., Nathan, C.F. J. Exp. Med. (1989) [Pubmed]
  25. Probing the interaction of bovine cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) with adrenodoxin: evaluating site-directed mutations by molecular modeling. Usanov, S.A., Graham, S.E., Lepesheva, G.I., Azeva, T.N., Strushkevich, N.V., Gilep, A.A., Estabrook, R.W., Peterson, J.A. Biochemistry (2002) [Pubmed]
  26. Evidence for the presence of idiotype-bearing regulatory T cells in which idiotype expression does not show linkage to either IgH alleles or the MHC. Singhai, R., Weaver, M., Sikora, L., Levy, J.G. Immunology (1984) [Pubmed]
 
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