Disease relevance of Daunomycin

• Adriamycin and daunomycin produce dose-related cardiac toxicity that may be related to oxygen radicals [1].
• Expression of a human multidrug resistance cDNA (MDR1) in the bone marrow of transgenic mice: resistance to daunomycin-induced leukopenia [2].
• Photoaffinity labeling of the Sarcoma 180 cell surface by daunomycin [3].
• Cytotoxic effects of daunomycin-fatty acid complexes on rat hepatoma cells [4].
• The effects of the anthracycline antiboties, daunomycin and adriamycin, on the DNA-directed activities of DNA polymerases from murine sarcoma virus, rat liver (high-molecular-weight species), Escherichia coli, and Micrococcus luteus were determined [5].

Psychiatry related information on Daunomycin

• Electron transfer occurs from tryptophan(s) to daunomycin with two reaction times, 1 ps and 6 ps, depending on the local complex structure [6].
• Employing adriamycin and daunomycin as model drugs, evidence is presented that a differential effect on host defense mechanisms can be important in determining the therapeutic efficacy of antitumorals [7].

High impact information on Daunomycin

• Using the highly AT-specific fluorochrome daunomycin, a longitudinal optical signal called AT queue, thought to arise from a line-up of the highly AT-rich scaffold-associated regions (SARs) by the scaffolding, was identified in native chromosomes [8].
• Verapamil and two other calcium channel blockers, as well as vinblastine and daunomycin, each slowed the release and increased the accumulation of chloroquine by resistant (but not susceptible) Plasmodium falciparum [9].
• When daunomycin was coupled to the hapten conjugate of ovalbumin by an acid-sensitive cis-aconityl group, it caused hapten-specific impairment of immunocompetence in murine B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo [10].
• Furthermore, the response by T lymphocytes to concanavalin A in vitro was selectively eliminated by a conjugate between daunomycin plus the acid-sensitive spacer and a monoclonal antibody specific for T cells [10].
• Differential fluorescent staining of human chromosomes with daunomycin and adriamycin--the d-bands [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Daunomycin

• Effect of galactose on interaction of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers with hepatoma cells in culture: preliminary application to an anticancer agent, daunomycin [12].
• However, when the cells are incubated with a low concentration of amphotericin B, daunomycin is entrapped in the red cells without hemolysis or alteration in the chemical parameter of the erythrocytes [13].
• These results suggest that aclacinomycin A should be considered an alternative to daunomycin for treatment of human PVR because, in addition to its lack of carcinogenicity, it shows good efficacy and causes less retinal toxicity [14].
• Compound 9d bearing four ethylene glycol units increased drug accumulation in drug-resistant cells and enhanced cytotoxicity of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, daunomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine in drug-resistant breast cancer and leukemia cells in vitro, resulting in reduction of IC50 by 5-50 times [15].
• Moreover, the sensitivity of melanoma cell lines to daunomycin (DM) and doxorubicin (DOX), but not to vinblastine (VBL), etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin (CDDP), analysed by an MTT-based survival assay, were inversely correlated with MRP-gene expression [16].

Biological context of Daunomycin

• Molecular structure of an anticancer drug-DNA complex: daunomycin plus d(CpGpTpApCpG) [17].
• Control myeloid cells showed increased apoptosis after in vitro treatments with daunomycin (DNR), cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C), or gamma irradiation (RAD) [18].
• We have used photoaffinity labeling to investigate the distribution and function of daunomycin binding sites in Sarcoma 180 cells [3].
• The EPG85-257RNOV cells became cross-resistant to Adriamycin with enhanced IC50 by 10.5-fold and to daunomycin with enhanced IC50 by 3.9-fold [19].
• Differences in the pharmacokinetics of daunomycin in normal and leukemic rats [20].

Anatomical context of Daunomycin

• Dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (20--200 mg/kg ip) and adriamycin (10--15 mg/kg iv) did not impair natural cytotoxicity per unit number of lymphoid cells, daunomycin (10 mg/kg iv) caused borderline impairment of NK acitivity, and N-trifluoroacetyl-adriamycin-14-valerate (80 mg/kg iv) markedly suppressed natural cytotoxicity [21].
• Jejunal and ileal brush border membrane vesicles, but not basolateral membrane vesicles, manifested adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of daunomycin, a substrate for Gp170, and contained a approximately 170-kilodalton protein that reacts with anti-Gp170 monoclonal antibody [22].
• The occurrence of such nonlamellar structures favors the association of these peripheral proteins with the plasma membrane and prevents daunomycin-induced dissociation [23].
• Adriamycin and daunomycin generate reactive oxygen compounds in erythrocytes [1].
• Furthermore, leukocyte counts of the transgenic mice treated with daunomycin did not fall, indicating that their bone marrow was resistant to the cytotoxic effect of the drug [2].

Associations of Daunomycin with other chemical compounds

• Well-defined, orange-red fluorescent bands were observed on chromosomes after the slide was stained with daunomycin and adriamycin but not with nogalamycin [11].
• Remission induction therapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and daunomycin was then administered to all patients, followed by three courses of consolidation to those who achieved complete remissions (CR) [24].
• We have utilized digitized video microscopy to investigate the influence of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, on the in vitro effects of daunomycin in P388 sensitive and resistant sublines [25].
• All patients then received one to three courses of daunomycin, cytarabine, and etoposide (DAV) remission induction therapy [26].
• The relative antitumor activities of these new analogues were compared with those of parental agents, mitomycin C, ADM, bleomycin, and several anticancer drugs, CDDP, daunomycin, vindesine, and etoposide [27].

Gene context of Daunomycin

• Moreover, the role of p53 in activation of this pathway was demonstrated by the fact that inhibition of p53 activity by pifithrin-alpha reduced the sensitivity of HCT116/p21(-/-) cells to daunomycin-induced apoptosis and restored a Bax/Bcl-2 ratio similar to that observed in HCT116p21(+/+) cells [28].
• Treatment of HCT116/p21(-/-) cells with daunomycin resulted in a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in activation of caspase-9, whereas no such changes were observed in HCT116/p21(+/+) cells, providing evidence that p21(WAF1) exerts an antagonistic effect on the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis [28].
• BITC, PEITC, and 1-NITC significantly increased the 2-h accumulation of DNM in MCF-7/ADR (P-gp overexpression), PANC-1 (MRP1 overexpression), and human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells (except for 1-NITC) [29].
• Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated daunomycin transport in rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles [30].
• The magnitude and persistence of Pgp function inhibition induced by the RMA was further examined by only pulsing the cells with the RMA and growing them in RMA-free medium before the DAU retention assay ('pre-RMA' treatment) [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Daunomycin

• Specific immunosuppression by immunotoxins containing daunomycin [10].
• Chemotherapy by intravenous administration of conjugates of daunomycin with monoclonal and conventional anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein antibodies [32].
• In summary, specific OX26-mediated targeting of daunomycin to the rat brain was achieved by the use of an immunoliposome-based drug delivery system [33].
• Overexpression of mdr-1/P-170 was heterogeneous within the population of malignant lymphoblasts as demonstrated by RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and drug uptake using daunomycin autofluorescence analysis [34].
• Quantification of the daunomycin uptake in vitro by flow cytometry showed that leukemic cells from bone marrow and spleen have an equal net drug uptake [20].

References