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Pgk2  -  phosphoglycerate kinase 2

Mus musculus

Synonyms: Pgk-2, Phosphoglycerate kinase 2, Phosphoglycerate kinase, testis specific, Tcp-2
 
 
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Disease relevance of Pgk2

 

High impact information on Pgk2

 

Biological context of Pgk2

  • Studies with transgenes show that a signal residing in the Pgk2 core promoter directs this gene-, cell type-, and stage-specific demethylation process [7].
  • Using an RT PCR assay we were unable to detect endogenous Pgk2 mRNA during embryogenesis or in adult tissues other than testis [8].
  • The autosomal phosphoglycerate kinase gene Pgk2 is an example of a gene that is tightly regulated during spermatogenesis, with transcription initiating in primary spermatocytes and ceasing in postmeiotic spermatids [9].
  • Results with the Pgk-2 gene indicate that DH sites appear coincident with, or just prior to, transcriptional activation of this gene [10].
  • A factor stimulating transcription of the testis-specific Pgk-2 gene recognizes a sequence similar to the binding site for a transcription inhibitor of the somatic-type Pgk-1 gene [11].
 

Anatomical context of Pgk2

  • The Pgk2 promoter had been used previously to target transgene expression to spermatocytes and spermatids in several laboratories including ours [8].
  • In conclusion, the Pgk2 promoter is a valid choice for targeting gene expression to meiotic male germ cells, since transient ectopic expression is unlikely to have a discernable effect in most studies, but it may be inappropriate for utilization with Cre recombinase [8].
  • A transient expression assay of DNAs having various portions of the Pgk-2 upstream region linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-encoding gene (cat) was performed using mouse cell lines that exclusively express Pgk-1 [12].
  • Moreover, the cis element inhibited Pgk-2 transcription with no effect on Pgk-1 transcription in a cell-free system using nuclear extracts of rat liver [12].
 

Associations of Pgk2 with chemical compounds

 

Other interactions of Pgk2

  • Mep-1, the gene regulating meprin activity, maps between Pgk-2 and Ce-2 on mouse chromosome 17 [15].
  • A testis-specific gene Tpx-1, located between Pgk-2 and Mep-1 on mouse chromosome 17, was isolated from a cosmid clone, and its cDNA sequences were determined [16].
  • The gene order and map distances in per cent recombination of the loci studied are T (20.6 +/- 3.4) Pgk-2 (7.4 +/- 2.2) Apl [17].
  • A comparison among inbred strains of the alleles for Pgk-2, H-2, and two other genes in this vicinity, Tla and Ce-2, has revealed a remarkable correlation suggestive of strong linkage disequilibrium in the wild mice from which the inbred strains were derived [18].
  • The initial appearance of Pdha-2 mRNA precedes that of Pgk-2 and corresponds to the appearance of Ldh-3 mRNA [19].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pgk2

References

  1. The silencer of mouse Pgk-2 consists of two discrete DNA elements that individually have no effect. Nishiyama, S., Masamune, Y., Nakanishi, Y. Gene (1994) [Pubmed]
  2. Electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase-2 to determine testicular damage induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and sterility associated with chromosomal abnormality. Koizumi, A., Hamade, N., Arai, M., Takatoku, M., Yasuhiko, W., Tsukada, M., Kamiyama, S. Arch. Toxicol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  3. Developmental changes in methylation of spermatogenesis-specific genes include reprogramming in the epididymis. Ariel, M., Cedar, H., McCarrey, J. Nat. Genet. (1994) [Pubmed]
  4. Expression profiling reveals meiotic male germ cell mRNAs that are translationally up- and down-regulated. Iguchi, N., Tobias, J.W., Hecht, N.B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Transcriptional regulatory regions of testis-specific PGK2 defined in transgenic mice. Robinson, M.O., McCarrey, J.R., Simon, M.I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
  6. Quantitation of mRNAs during mouse spermatogenesis: protamine-like histone and phosphoglycerate kinase-2 mRNAs increase after meiosis. Erickson, R.P., Kramer, J.M., Rittenhouse, J., Salkeld, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1980) [Pubmed]
  7. Ontogeny of a demethylation domain and its relationship to activation of tissue-specific transcription. Geyer, C.B., Kiefer, C.M., Yang, T.P., McCarrey, J.R. Biol. Reprod. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Germ cell specific promoter drives ectopic transgene expression during embryogenesis. Bhullar, B., Schmidt, J.V., Truong, T., Rancourt, D., van der Hoorn, F.A. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (2001) [Pubmed]
  9. Epigenetic regulation of testis-specific gene expression. McCarrey, J.R., Geyer, C.B., Yoshioka, H. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Differential appearance of DNase I-hypersensitive sites correlates with differential transcription of Pgk genes during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Kumari, M., Stroud, J.C., Anji, A., McCarrey, J.R. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  11. A factor stimulating transcription of the testis-specific Pgk-2 gene recognizes a sequence similar to the binding site for a transcription inhibitor of the somatic-type Pgk-1 gene. Goto, M., Masamune, Y., Nakanishi, Y. Nucleic Acids Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. A silencer-like cis element for the testis-specific phosphoglycerate-kinase-2-encoding gene. Mizuno, K., Goto, M., Masamune, Y., Nakanishi, Y. Gene (1992) [Pubmed]
  13. Proximity of the Mep-1 gene to H-2D on chromosome 17 in mice. Reckelhoff, J.F., Bond, J.S., Beynon, R.J., Savarirayan, S., David, C.S. Immunogenetics (1985) [Pubmed]
  14. Biochemical and immunological studies of three genetic variants of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase 2 from the mouse. Lee, C.Y., Pegoraro, B. Biochem. Genet. (1979) [Pubmed]
  15. Mep-1, the gene regulating meprin activity, maps between Pgk-2 and Ce-2 on mouse chromosome 17. Reckelhoff, J.F., Butler, P.E., Bond, J.S., Beynon, R.J., Passmore, H.C. Immunogenetics (1988) [Pubmed]
  16. Cloning and mapping of a testis-specific gene with sequence similarity to a sperm-coating glycoprotein gene. Kasahara, M., Gutknecht, J., Brew, K., Spurr, N., Goodfellow, P.N. Genomics (1989) [Pubmed]
  17. Liver-specific lysosomal acid phosphatase deficiency (Apl) on mouse chromosome 17. Womack, J.E., Eicher, E.M. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1977) [Pubmed]
  18. Localization of mouse Pgk-2 gene at the D end of the H-2 complex (1). Vandeberg, J.L., Klein, J. J. Exp. Zool. (1978) [Pubmed]
  19. Differential expression of two testis-specific transcripts of the mouse Pdha-2 gene during spermatogenesis. Fitzgerald, J., Dahl, H.H., Iannello, R.C. DNA Cell Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  20. Ectopic activation of the transcription promoter for the testis-specific mouse Pgk-2 gene on elimination of a cis-acting upstream DNA region. Ando, H., Haruna, Y., Suzuki, M., Yamada, S., Okabe, M., Nakanishi, Y. Dev. Growth Differ. (2000) [Pubmed]
 
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