Disease relevance of Paracentesis

• Patients with pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or ascites showed a significant increase in plasma arginine vasopressin levels, and thoracocentesis or paracentesis resulted in a decrease in these levels [1].
• The effect of pneumoperitoneum, thoracocentesis, and paracentesis on plasma arginine vasopressin levels was studied in three groups of patients, and the mechanism by which these maneuvers may induce these changes was investigated [1].
• To assess whether the LeVeen shunt with titanium tip improves the results obtained with therapeutic paracentesis, 81 patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites were randomly assigned to therapy with paracentesis plus intravenous albumin (42 patients) or LeVeen shunt with titanium tip (39 patients) [2].
• Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for suspected gram-negative endophthalmitis are presented and include: immediate paracentesis of the eye for gram stain and culture, systemic therapy with an antibiotic such as gentamicin and either subconjunctival, subtenon or intraocular injection of antibiotics [3].
• Sixteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas resistant to conventional cisplatin-based and/or paclitaxel chemotherapy and with ascites requiring frequent abdominal paracentesis were entered in this study [4].

High impact information on Paracentesis

• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Therapeutic paracentesis may be associated with a circulatory dysfunction, manifested by a marked increase of the plasma renin activity and plasma norepinephrine [5].
• Paracentesis plus intravenous albumin did not induce significant changes in standard renal function tests, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone [6].
• In control patients treated with furosemide or by paracentesis no significant change in metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine was found [7].
• Refractory ascites was defined by the absence of response after 3 months of high doses of diuretics (spironolactone 200 mg/d + furosemide 80 mg/d + metolazone 2.5 mg/d) and the need for repeated paracentesis [8].
• Treatment of patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites using LeVeen shunt with titanium tip: comparison with therapeutic paracentesis [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of Paracentesis

• Terlipressin (3 mg) or albumin (8 g/l of removed ascites) were administered on the day of paracentesis [9].
• The determination of plasma levels of renin or aldosterone prior to paracentesis predicts the efficacy of spironolactone in the prevention of ascites recurrence [10].
• To test this hypothesis, plasma volume, the transvascular escape rate of albumin, the absolute escape rate of albumin and the activity of vasoconstrictor systems were measured in 25 cirrhotic patients with ascites in baseline conditions and 2 days after total paracentesis with plasma volume expansion [11].
• Increasing ascites requiring repeated paracentesis had not responded to chemotherapy including infusion of 5-fluorouracil and vincristine into the coeliac artery [12].
• Even though the documented experience with total parenteral nutrition in infants and children with chylous ascites is remarkably scant, parenteral nutritional support appears to have decreased the hazard of medical therapy by maintaining an adequate nutritional intake while eliminating obligate losses consequent to repeated paracentesis [13].

Biological context of Paracentesis

• No significant change in serum sodium, urea nitrogen, hematocrit or postural systolic blood pressure difference was noted at 24 or 48 hr after paracentesis [14].
• Terlipressin and arterial blood volume after paracentesis for tense ascites in cirrhosis [15].
• As paracentesis induces arteriolar vasodilation which plays a role in the development of decreased effective arterial blood volume, administration of a vasoconstrictor (terlipressin) could prevent circulatory alterations due to paracentesis [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support a contraction of plasma volume as the mechanism responsible for activation of vasoconstrictor systems after paracentesis [11].
• However, if an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is added to aqueous samples after harvesting by paracentesis, it is possible to show that most of the increase of aqueous cyclic AMP from mid-light phase to mid-dark phase persists in constant dark and is therefore likely to reflect a circadian rhythm of tissue cyclic AMP [16].

Anatomical context of Paracentesis

• Prorenin/renin was also measured in plasma and in peritoneal fluid obtained during, therapeutic paracentesis from four patients with OHSS [17].
• Imidazole administered intraperitoneally to albino rabbits at a dose of 250 mg. per kilogram inhibited the rise of aqueous humor protein concentration by approximately 50 per cent 30 minutes after paracentesis [18].
• Anterior chamber fluorescein concentration was 57 +/- 22 ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) before paracentesis, rose to 81 +/- 47 ng/ml 24 hrs after paracentesis, and was 60 +/- 36 ng/ml at 72-96 hours [19].
• Efficacy of anterior chamber paracentesis and Carbogen in treating acute nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion [20].
• The efficiency of paracentesis during severe OHSS could be explained at least partially by the removing of great amounts of ANG II from the peritoneal cavity [21].

Associations of Paracentesis with chemical compounds

• Baseline plasma renin and aldosterone levels were markedly increased; a reduction was already evident during paracentesis with the lowest values at the end of the procedure [22].
• In contrast, paracentesis without albumin was associated with a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen, a marked elevation in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, and a significant reduction in serum sodium concentration [6].
• Serum creatinine at 24 hr after paracentesis was unchanged but a small but statistically significant increase in serum creatinine (+0.1 +/- 0.3 mg per dl, p less than 0.01) was noted at 48 hr postparacentesis [14].
• Paracentesis induced a reduction of the highly increased basal plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine (P < .01), and epinephrine (P < .05) and improved diastolic function (E/A, P < .05) [23].
• Initial treatment was non-operative using nasogastric suction, diamox, atropine, and multiple paracenteses or thoracenteses [24].

Gene context of Paracentesis

• Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed, and kinetic analysis of the IL-13 injected in the anterior chamber was performed by ELISA [25].
• Human aqueous humor obtained by simplified pipette paracentesis at cataract surgery was tested for free t-PA activity in a revised 15-hour amidolytic assay using a t-PA standard curve (n = 15) [26].
• By using a highly specific and sensitive heterologous radioimmunoassay, we determined the content of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in fresh samples of aqueous humor obtained from human (n = 18), feline (n = 8), canine (n = 12), and porcine (n = 10) eyes by paracentesis [27].
• Postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction was defined as an increase in plasma renin activity on the sixth day after paracentesis of more than 50% of the pretreatment value to a level > 4 ng.mL-1.h-1 [28].
• Pulmonary function tests were performed just before and 2 hr after large-volume paracentesis [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Paracentesis

• The effect of paracentesis on effective intravascular volume was indirectly assessed by measuring plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration before and 2 and 6 days after treatment, the patients being without diuretics [30].
• In group I, 116 patients were treated conservatively by anterior chamber paracentesis, massage of the globe, isovolemic hemodilution, acetazolamide, Pentoxifyllin, acetylsalicylic acid, and reduction of arterial hypertension [31].
• Scanning electron microscopy of the ciliary processes of the rabbit has proven a sensitive indicator of the response to prostaglandin, a mediator of the paracentesis reaction [32].
• VRE colonization occurred in 50 (13%) of 375 patients before transplantation and was independently associated with treatment with antianaerobic antimicrobials, third-generation cephalosporins, proton pump inhibitors, or neomycin; having a recent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram or paracentesis procedure; and admission to the liver unit [33].
• In the present investigation a group of children with OME of more than three months' duration were given erythromycin (Abboticin) in standard dosage for the last 10 days prior to scheduled operation (paracentesis or tympanostomy) [34].

References