Disease relevance of Cholangitis

• However, preceding the autoimmune cholangitis stage, a typical antimitochondrial antibody-positive primary biliary cirrhosis was documented with favorable response to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment [1].
• Other disadvantages of ABO-incompatible liver allografts were significantly higher frequencies of severe rejection crises, arterial thrombosis, and cholangitis [2].
• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized histologically by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis [3].
• Although HA BUDR did not contribute significantly to the toxicity of the Y-90 microspheres, HA BUDR by itself administered uninterrupted for 4 weeks may, like HA FUDR (clinically), cause chemical hepatitis/cholangitis [4].
• CP-infected SCID mice reconstituted with T cells from IFN-gamma knockout donors either developed severe enteritis or survived to develop triaditis, cholangitis, lobular hepatitis with periductular sclerosis, and scarring [5].

High impact information on Cholangitis

• Inactivation of this gene causes lack of biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion and non-suppurative cholangitis [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: An antibody to human carbonic anhydrase II is frequently detected in the sera of patients with autoimmune cholangitis and is uncommon or not present in other cholangiopathies [7].
• Ciprofloxacin for cholangitis [8].
• Hydralazine-induced cholangitis [9].
• Acute cholangitis after allopurinol treatment [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cholangitis

• All cases of cholangitis (with the exception of one case seen in a patient in the piperacillin group) were mild or moderate in severity [11].
• Rats treated with vehicle (2% ethanol in saline) and ANIT exhibited elevations in alkaline phosphatase, SGPT and bilirubin as well as cholangitis and mild parenchymal necrosis [12].
• 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 protection against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced experimental cholangitis in the rat [12].
• Mezlocillin therapy was more effective, less toxic, and less expensive than treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin for patients with cholangitis [13].
• CASE REPORT: We report a case of cryptosporidial cholangitis in a patient with AIDS who responded to treatment with intravenous paromomycin followed by oral letrazuril as maintenance therapy [14].

Biological context of Cholangitis

• CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates: (a) a high frequency and specificity of INK4a/ARF methylation in malignant biliary disease compared with mere cholangitis; and (b) the capability to detect these alterations reliably in endoscopically obtained bile [15].
• These results suggest that hepatic failure after LDLT, including chronic rejection and/or cholangitis, was accompanied by upregulation of intestinal PGP expression, which could depress the bioavailability of the immunosuppressant [16].
• The surgical procedure used, clinical manifestation, and cell kinetics (proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index, PCNALI) of bile duct epithelium were examined with respect to the incidence and course of postoperative cholangitis [17].
• The comparison of liver histology between the PBC with pSS group and the PBC without pSS group showed that the incidence of lymphoid non-suppurative cholangitis was higher in PBC with pSS [18].

Anatomical context of Cholangitis

• After immunization with cholangiocytes, recipient animals developed histologic evidence of nonsuppurative cholangitis without inflammation in other organs; groups immunized with BSA or hepatocytes showed no cholangitis [19].
• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are presumed autoimmune chronic cholestatic liver diseases characterized by cholangitis and progressive loss of bile ducts [20].
• Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterised by immune-mediated destruction of the biliary epithelial cells (BEC) lining the intrahepatic bile ducts (non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (NSDC)) [21].
• Other less specific morphologic features of PBC (portal infiltrates, plasma cells, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, and lymphocytic cholangitis) were also evaluated in the course of this study [22].
• Five patients with intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and two with hepatocellular carcinoma were found during a search for intrahepatic duct stones in patients with recurrent cholangitis [23].

Gene context of Cholangitis

• RESULTS: Immunoglobulin A endomysial and human tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive in nine patients (seven primary biliary cirrhosis, one autoimmune cholangitis, and one primary sclerosing cholangitis), whose duodenal biopsy results showed villous atrophy consistent with CD [24].
• In conclusion, BEC antibodies via induction of TLR2 and TLR3 expression, as well as inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production may induce epithelial cell inflammatory responses to bacterial components and contribute to posttransplantation cholangitis [25].
• Following CP infection, the Tnfsf5-/- Tnfrsf1a & 1b-/- mice were spared from cholangitis, even though their intestinal and bile duct infection by CP persisted [26].
• Role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 during nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in a mouse graft-versus-host disease model [27].
• In addition Oatp1 protein was also reduced by 40+/-13% (P<0.05), whereas all other transporters returned to control values.CONCLUSIONS: In chronic cholangitis only canalicular Mrp2 expression remained down-regulated [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cholangitis

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis with piperacillin for ERCP-induced cholangitis [11].
• AIM: A randomised controlled study to assess the effect of EPT on the outcome of patients suffering from acute cholangitis with gall bladder stones but with no CBD stones on initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [29].
• In the 9 patients whose stents have been removed, the serum bilirubin levels are normal There have been no episodes of cholangitis following repair [30].
• Six of eight animal in the control group and only one of eight survivors in the L-arginine group developed ischemic cholangitis (P<0.01) [31].
• METHODS: Clinical records from 1984 to July, 2000 were reviewed to identify Alaska natives with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune cholangitis, and overlap syndromes of two of the above [32].

References