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Gene Review

Rpl4  -  ribosomal protein L4

Mus musculus

Synonyms: 2010004J23Rik, 60S ribosomal protein L4
 
 
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Disease relevance of Rpl4

 

High impact information on Rpl4

  • All the pre-mRNA species including H1, L1 and L2 contain poly(A), thus suggesting that polyadenylation is an early event in the processing of these mRNAs [6].
  • In previous studies, we identified the promoter for the L1 gene and showed that a neural restrictive silencer element (NRSE) was critical for preventing ectopic expression of L1 during early embryonic development [7].
  • The cell adhesion molecule L1 mediates axonal guidance during neural development and mutations in its gene result in severe neurological defects [7].
  • To examine the influence of the NRSE on postnatal patterns of L1 expression in vivo, we compared the expression of two lacZ transgene constructs, one containing the native L1 gene regulatory sequences (L1lacZ) and another (L1lacZDeltaN) lacking the NRSE [7].
  • These data support the conclusion that the NRSE not only plays a role in the silencing of L1 expression in nonneural tissues during early development but also can function as a silencer and an enhancer of L1 expression in the nervous system of postnatal and adult animals [7].
 

Biological context of Rpl4

  • LINE-1 (L1) has achieved its status as a middle repetitive DNA family in mammalian genomes by duplicative transposition [8].
  • An immunohistochemical analysis of adult mouse ovaries and mouse postimplantation embryos revealed expression of L1 open reading frame 1 in the germ line as well as in steroidogenic tissues [8].
  • Its abundance is due to duplicative transposition via an RNA intermediate, L1-encoded proteins, and reverse transcription [9].
  • However, in almost 1% of cases, we found strong evidence for repair involving gene conversion with various endogenous L1 elements, with some being used preferentially [10].
  • Although, in principle, transposition may occur in any cell type, expression and transposition of a full-length functional element in the germ line are necessary to explain the evolutionary genetics of L1 [9].
 

Anatomical context of Rpl4

  • Although transposition may occur in any cell type, expression and transposition of a full-length functional element in the germ line are necessary for evolutionarily significant propagation of L1 [8].
  • The only two cell lines that express L1 are unique among the six in that they have a strong predilection to differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm [3].
  • We have found differential expression of L1 protein and RNA in germ and somatic cells of the mouse testis during development [9].
  • L1 protein is found in what appear to be cytoplasmic aggregates and is not localized to any known cytoplasmic organelles [3].
  • We introduced into the genome of mouse epithelial cells an L1 element with an I-SceI endonuclease site [10].
 

Associations of Rpl4 with chemical compounds

  • These results show that overexpression of L1 in NG108-15 cells facilitates synaptic connections by enhancing branching and elongation of neurites induced with dibutyryl cAMP, rather than by increasing probability of acetylcholine release [4].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rpl4

  • Northern blot analysis showed an overtranscription of these L1 sequences in the MRL/Ipr spleen cells used for the construction of the cDNA library, in comparison to the MRL ancestor strains [11].
  • An ELISA was performed on infected Sf9 cells using a monoclonal antibody specific for nondenatured L1, demonstrating that 10 ng of native L1 protein was present per microgram of total nuclear protein [12].
  • Virus-like particle (VLP) formation of the L1 mutants was examined by electron microscopy [13].
  • E. coli-derived L1 protein protected calves against BPV-1 challenge after vaccination [14].
  • Antisera against the E. coli-derived L1 and L2 protein reacted with BPV-1 in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoprecipitation reactions [14].

References

  1. Identification of the viral genes responsible for growth of strains of reovirus in cultured mouse heart cells. Matoba, Y., Sherry, B., Fields, B.N., Smith, T.W. J. Clin. Invest. (1991) [Pubmed]
  2. Gene codon composition determines differentiation-dependent expression of a viral capsid gene in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Zhao, K.N., Gu, W., Fang, N.X., Saunders, N.A., Frazer, I.H. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Synchronous expression of LINE-1 RNA and protein in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Martin, S.L., Branciforte, D. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Overexpression of adhesion molecule L1 in NG108-15 neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells enhances dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced neurite outgrowth and functional synapse formation with myotubes. Zhong, Z.G., Yokoyama, S., Noda, M., Higashida, H. J. Neurochem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  5. Assembled baculovirus-expressed human papillomavirus type 11 L1 capsid protein virus-like particles are recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and induce high titres of neutralizing antibodies. Christensen, N.D., Höpfl, R., DiAngelo, S.L., Cladel, N.M., Patrick, S.D., Welsh, P.A., Budgeon, L.R., Reed, C.A., Kreider, J.W. J. Gen. Virol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  6. The synthesis and processing of the messenger RNAs specifying heavy and light chain immunoglobulins in MPC-11 cells. Schibler, U., Marcu, K.B., Perry, R.P. Cell (1978) [Pubmed]
  7. The neural restrictive silencer element can act as both a repressor and enhancer of L1 cell adhesion molecule gene expression during postnatal development. Kallunki, P., Edelman, G.M., Jones, F.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1998) [Pubmed]
  8. Tightly regulated, developmentally specific expression of the first open reading frame from LINE-1 during mouse embryogenesis. Trelogan, S.A., Martin, S.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1995) [Pubmed]
  9. Developmental and cell type specificity of LINE-1 expression in mouse testis: implications for transposition. Branciforte, D., Martin, S.L. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  10. A double-strand break in a chromosomal LINE element can be repaired by gene conversion with various endogenous LINE elements in mouse cells. Tremblay, A., Jasin, M., Chartrand, P. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  11. Allogenic MHC class II determinant(s) in MRL/Ipr autoimmune disease-prone mice. Unusual expression of an L1 transposable element creates molecular mimicry. Bobé, P., Benihoud, K., Kiger, N. J. Immunol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. Virus-like particles and E1-E4 protein expressed from the human papillomavirus type 11 bicistronic E1-E4-L1 transcript. Brown, D.R., Pratt, L., Bryan, J.T., Fife, K.H., Jansen, K. Virology (1996) [Pubmed]
  13. Carboxyl terminus of bovine papillomavirus type-1 L1 protein is not required for capsid formation. Paintsil, J., Müller, M., Picken, M., Gissmann, L., Zhou, J. Virology (1996) [Pubmed]
  14. Immunization against bovine papillomavirus infection. Pilacinski, W.P., Glassman, D.L., Glassman, K.F., Reed, D.E., Lum, M.A., Marshall, R.F., Muscoplat, C.C., Faras, A.J. Ciba Found. Symp. (1986) [Pubmed]
 
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