Disease relevance of ZAP1

• We analyzed the role of the IId subfamily of WRKY transcription factors in the regulation of basal resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) [1].

High impact information on ZAP1

• WRKY6 was found to suppress its own promoter activity as well as that of a closely related WRKY family member, indicating negative autoregulation [2].
• The contrasting responses of these WRKY mutants to the two pathogens correlated with opposite effects on pathogen-induced expression of salicylic acid-regulated PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 and jasmonic acid-regulated PDF1 [3].
• We demonstrate complex cross-regulation within the IId WRKY subfamily and provide evidence that both WRKY transcription factors are involved in the regulation of Pst-induced jasmonic acid-dependent responses [1].
• The functions of all other WRKY genes revealed to date involve responses to pathogen attack, mechanical stress, and senescence [4].
• TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2, a trichome and seed coat development gene of Arabidopsis, encodes a WRKY transcription factor [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of ZAP1

• Northern blotting analysis revealed that 49 of the 72 AtWRKY genes were differentially regulated in the plants infected by an avirulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae or treated by SA [5].

Biological context of ZAP1

• The homology between ZAP1 and other DNA binding proteins is restricted to a repeated region of a stretch of 24 highly conserved amino acids followed by a zinc-finger motif (C-X4-C-X22-23-H-X1-H) [6].
• Particle bombardment experiments with plant cells showed that ZAP1 increases expression of a gusA reporter gene that is under control of ZAP1 binding sites [6].
• In the present study, we report the identification of W-box sequences in the promoter region of the NPR1 gene that are recognized specifically by SA-induced WRKY DNA binding proteins from Arabidopsis [7].
• Evidence for an important role of WRKY DNA binding proteins in the regulation of NPR1 gene expression [7].
• Mutations in these W-box sequences abolished their recognition by WRKY DNA binding proteins, rendered the promoter unable to activate a downstream reporter gene, and compromised the ability of NPR1 to complement npr1 mutants for SA-induced defense gene expression and disease resistance [7].

Anatomical context of ZAP1

• Quantitative PCR was used to confirm the induction of genes localized in the chloroplast, mitochondria, and plasma membrane, and genes responsive to calcium/calmodulin complexes, ethylene, jasmonate, ethylene biosynthesis, WRKY, and cell death [8].

Associations of ZAP1 with chemical compounds

• The WRKY proteins comprise a major family of transcription factors that are essential in pathogen and salicylic acid responses of higher plants as well as a variety of plant-specific reactions [9].
• However, the Arabidopsis and rice genomes contain very different numbers of TFs in the WRKY, NAC, bZIP, MADS, ALFIN-like, GRAS and C2C2 (Zn)-dof families, indicating a possible divergence of biological functions from dicots to monocots [10].

Regulatory relationships of ZAP1

• Here we show that mutations of the Arabidopsis WRKY33 gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor cause enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola concomitant with reduced expression of the jasmonate-regulated plant defensin PDF1.2 gene [11].

Other interactions of ZAP1

• We conclude that ZAP1 is a plant transcriptional activator with a C2-H2 zinc-finger DNA binding domain [6].
• A new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defence-related processes [12].
• In this study, the Arabidopsis WRKY1 was shown to be involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway and partially dependent on NPR1; a C-terminal domain of WRKY1, AtWRKY1-C, was constructed for structural studies [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ZAP1

• Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the C-terminal WRKY domain of Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY1 transcription factor [14].
• By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, a binding activity on a W-box in the AtTRXh5 promoter region was found induced by treatments with the P. syringae-derived elicitor peptide flg22, suggesting that a WRKY transcription factor controls AtTRXh5 induction upon elicitor treatment [15].

References