Disease relevance of Botrytis

• Here we show that accumulation of PLP2 protein in response to Botrytis cinerea or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (avrRpt2) is dependent on jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling, but is not dependent on salicylic acid [1].
• In contrast, PLA2 activity was strongly induced when ACC was combined with MJ, and in response to the bacterium Erwinia carotovora or to the fungus Botrytis cinerea, as well as to treatment with beta-megaspermin, a cell death-inducing protein elicitor [2].
• Eleven beta-himachalene derivatives were tested, using the poisoning food technique, for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea [3].
• Osmotic dehydration of apple slices using a sucrose/CaCl2 combination to control spoilage caused by Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Penicillium expansum [4].

High impact information on Botrytis

• Strikingly, the ocp3 mutant shows enhanced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina [5].
• Both AtPGIP1 and AtPGIP2 encode functional inhibitors of polygalacturonase from Botrytis, and their overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly reduces Botrytis disease symptoms [6].
• However, analysis of seven B. oleracea var botrytis lines exhibiting both self-compatible and self-incompatible phenotypes showed that these lines carry an S allele very similar or identical to that of the B. oleracea var acephala line and that the SLA gene is interrupted by an insert in all seven lines [7].
• The simultaneous loss of functional WEI5EIL1 and EIN3 nearly completely abolished the ethylene response in etiolated seedlings, and adult plants were highly susceptible to infection by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea [8].
• NHO1 is also required for resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, indicating that NHO1 is not limited to bacterial resistance [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Botrytis

• After infection with Pseudomonas syringae or Botrytis cinerea, the expression of genes regulated by both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene pathways is reduced in ups1 compared with wild type [10].
• Induction of systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2: role of salicylic acid, pyochelin, and pyocyanin [11].

Biological context of Botrytis

• Ethylene sensing and gene activation in Botrytis cinerea: a missing link in ethylene regulation of fungus-plant interactions [12]?
• A tomato metacaspase gene is upregulated during programmed cell death in Botrytis cinerea-infected leaves [13].
• Functional analysis of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene bcbot1 of Botrytis cinerea indicates that botrydial is a strain-specific virulence factor [14].
• Infection of leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana by Botrytis cinerea: changes in ascorbic acid, free radicals and lipid peroxidation products [15].
• As an inhibitor of mycelial growth, surangin B showed strongest activity against Rhizoctonia solani (IC50 = 3.8 microM) and Botrytis cinerea (IC50 = 11.2 microM) [16].

Anatomical context of Botrytis

• Chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and protease activities were formed when Trichoderma harzianum mycelia, grown on glucose as the sole carbon source, were transferred to fresh medium containing cell walls of Botrytis cinerea [17].
• The effect of Botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves [18].
• When transformation of Botrytis cinerea occurred in mononucleated protoplasts the hygromycin resistance phenotype was stable and integrated plasmid DNA although rearranged was transmitted through meiosis [19].

Associations of Botrytis with chemical compounds

• In contrast, a subset of defense responses regulated by the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, including expression of the defensin gene PDF1.2 and resistance to Botrytis cinerea, is impaired in ssi2 plants [20].
• L-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3; GLDase), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid was purified 1693-fold from a mitochondrial extract of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, var. botrytis) to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 1.1% [21].
• Abscisic acid determines basal susceptibility of tomato to Botrytis cinerea and suppresses salicylic acid-dependent signaling mechanisms [22].
• The role of ethylene and wound signaling in resistance of tomato to Botrytis cinerea [23].
• In this work, we show that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Moneymaker) mutants with reduced ABA levels (sitiens plants) are much more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea than wild-type (WT) plants [22].

Gene context of Botrytis

• The ERF1 transcript is induced on infection by Botrytis cinerea, and overexpression of ERF1 in Arabidopsis is sufficient to confer resistance to necrotrophic fungi such as B. cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina [24].
• Furthermore, the ethylene-insensitive ein2 and JA-insensitive jar1 mutants enhance susceptibility of ssi1 plants to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea [25].
• Furthermore, adr1 plants exhibited resistance against the biotrophic pathogens Peronospora parasitica and Erysiphe cichoracearum but not the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea [26].
• Infection of tomato leaves with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea resulted in substantial changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST), and l-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) activities [18].
• Cel1 protein and mRNA levels are down-regulated in pericarp after Botrytis cinerea infection but are not affected in locular tissue [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Botrytis

• Screening by means of Southern hybridization and PCR amplification detected the intron in the mt SSU rRNA genes of S. minor, S. trifoliorum and Sclerotium cepivorum, but not in other members of the Sclerotiniaceae, such as Botrytis anamorphs of Botryotinia spp., or in other ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi [28].
• Antimicrobial activity of methyl cis-7-oxo deisopropyldehydroabietate on Botrytis cinerea and Lophodermium seditiosum: ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy [29].

References