Disease relevance of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• The reduction of annexin V levels on vascular cells may be an important mechanism of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome [1].
• Complement C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin, is a candidate target molecule for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, RA, and the antiphospholipid syndrome [2].
• The classification criteria for both SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have been updated, and up to 19 different subsets of neuropsychiatric lupus have been defined [3].
• The antiphospholipid syndrome was primary in 51 patients (73%) and secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus in 14 patients (20%) and to chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 5 patients (7%) [4].
• Autoantibodies against EPCR are found in antiphospholipid syndrome and are a risk factor for fetal death [5].

Psychiatry related information on Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Multiple cognitive impairments associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: A form of progressive vascular dementia [6]?

High impact information on Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Finally, deregulations in annexin expression and activity have been correlated with human diseases, e.g., in acute promyelocytic leukemia and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and the term annexinopathies has been coined [7].
• Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) derived from the sera of individuals exhibiting the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) directly bind to beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI), which is adsorbed to an oxidized polystyrene surface [8].
• Bacterial induction of autoantibodies to beta2-glycoprotein-I accounts for the infectious etiology of antiphospholipid syndrome [9].
• Prevention of fetal loss in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome by in vivo administration of recombinant interleukin-3 [10].
• Warfarin in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Important clinical syndromes associated with substantial thromboembolic events include the antiphospholipid syndrome, heparin-induced thrombopathy, the myeloproliferative syndromes, and cancer [12].
• Circulating autoantibodies to phospholipids (aPLs), such as cardiolipin (CL), are found in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) [13].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Three groups of nine mice were injected with purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome (IgG-APS) and then fed with hydroxychloroquine at various doses (100, 6, and 3 mg/kg body wt) [14].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of ciprofloxacin in mice with experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [15].
• Valine/valine genotype at position 247 of the beta2-glycoprotein I gene in Mexican patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: association with anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies [16].

Biological context of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• We previously reported that during death receptor-mediated apoptosis, cardiolipin (CL) relocates to the cell surface, where it reacts with autoantibodies from antiphospholipid syndrome sera [17].
• Ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome [18].
• IVIG is no more effective than heparin and low-dose aspirin in the treatment of pregnancies complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome but has not been adequately evaluated in refractory cases [19].
• Genetic polymorphism of murine tissue plasminogen activator associated with antiphospholipid syndrome [20].
• Exposure of anionic phospholipids upon platelet activation permits binding of beta 2 glycoprotein I and through it that of IgG antiphospholipid antibodies. Studies in platelets from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and normal subjects [21].

Anatomical context of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Detection of antibody-mediated reduction of annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in plasmas of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome [22].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine any HLA associations with anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) antibodies in a large, retrospectively studied, multiethnic group of 262 patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or another connective tissue disease [23].
• Reduced numbers of complement receptor type 1 on erythrocytes are associated with increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome [24].
• Antiphospholipid antibodies from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome induce monocyte tissue factor expression through the simultaneous activation of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and of the MEK-1/ERK pathway [25].
• Using an immunization schedule with CL/anti-CL Ab complexes, which induces antiphospholipid syndrome in mice, we show that the generation of IgG1 to CL requires IL-4 and that optimal production is T cell dependent [26].

Gene context of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• METHODS: We studied the reactivity of 8 patient-derived monoclonal aCL with tPA and examined the presence of IgG anti-tPA antibodies in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [27].
• Thus, the BXSB-type Plat may be one susceptibility allele for the multigenic antiphospholipid syndrome seen in (NZW x BXSB) F1 mice [20].
• Among aPL patients, the prevalence of positive anti-TFPI was 38.3 and 28.4% in those with or without diagnosis of definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [28].
• Case report: Acute myocardial infarction in a 32-year-old white male found to have antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and MTHFR mutation homozygosity [29].
• Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder in association with autoantibodies to phospholipid (PL)-binding plasma proteins, such as beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• Antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [31].
• To characterize the reactivity pattern of Abs directed to beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome, we have purified anti-beta2GPI Abs by affinity chromatography using the IgG fractions from sera of five different anti-phospholipid syndrome patients [32].
• OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and clinical associations of abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and/or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have neuropsychiatric symptoms [33].
• We compared 59 patients receiving warfarin for a diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) to 49 patients receiving warfarin for atrial fibrillation to evaluate the consistency between INR results obtained by different methods [34].
• To clarify the involvement of annexin V (ANX) in antiphospholipid antibody (APA) specificities, we studied antiANX antibodies (aANX) using 2 kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates (plain and gamma-irradiated) and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies (a-beta 2GPI) in 53 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [35].

References