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MeSH Review:

Olfactory Receptor Neurons

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Psychiatry related information on Olfactory Receptor Neurons

3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in olfactory receptor neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease: implications for impaired odor sensitivity [1].

High impact information on Olfactory Receptor Neurons

This review will discuss the role of adenylate cyclases as coincidence detectors in the nervous system with special focus on adenylate cyclase type III, an isoenzyme that is found in large quantities in olfactory receptor neurons [2].
A subset of Or genes is found to be expressed in larval olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) [3].
Axonal targeting of olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila is controlled by Dscam [4].
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) on the dendritic cilia of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are critical for sensory transduction in the olfactory system [5].
Odorant treatment of olfactory receptor neurons augments HO2 phosphorylation and activity as well as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, with all of these effects selectively blocked by CK2 inhibitors [6].

Biological context of Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Activation of the sensory current in salamander olfactory receptor neurons depends on a G protein-mediated cAMP second messenger system [7].
Multidrug resistance transporters in the olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles [8].
In the mouse olfactory system, caspase-3 and -9 are expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of adult mice, and their selective retrograde activation drives ORN apoptosis following ablation of their target, the olfactory bulb (OB) [9].
This background activity was used to evaluate the kinetics of octopamine and other biogenic amine effects on olfactory receptor neurons [10].
In order to gain insight into the principles of olfactory processing in Drosophila, we misexpressed olfactory receptor Or43a in additional olfactory receptor neurons of the third antennal segment using enhancer trap line GH320 [11].

Anatomical context of Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) selectively evokes an inward (excitatory) current in cultured lobster olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and directly activates two types of channels in cell-free patches of plasma membrane from the ORNs [12].
Tektin expression is significant in adult brain and in the choroid plexus, the forming retina (primitive ependymal zone corresponding to early differentiating photoreceptor cells), and olfactory receptor neurons of stage embryonic day 14 embryos [13].
Odorant-stimulated internalization was unaffected by the caveolae activator okadaic acid and was significantly decreased by a metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, suggesting that a functional, clathrin-dependent, receptor-mediated internalization pathway exists in olfactory receptor neurons [14].
We asked whether retinoic acid (RA) influences olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the developing and mature mouse olfactory epithelium (oe) [15].
In the nervous system of adult rodents, the aminoacylhistidine dipeptides (carnosine and/or homocarnosine) have been shown to be expressed in three main populations of cells: the mature olfactory receptor neurons, a subset of glial cells, and the neuroblasts of the rostral migratory stream [16].

Associations of Olfactory Receptor Neurons with chemical compounds

We describe here a 205-kD cell surface glycoprotein on olfactory receptor neurons that was detected with three mAbs: 9-OE, 5-OE, and 13-OE. mAb 9-OE immunoreactivity, unlike mAbs 5-OE and 13-OE, was restricted to only the axons and terminations of the primary sensory olfactory neurons in the frog nervous system [17].
Cyclic nucleotide- and inositol phosphate-gated ion channels in lobster olfactory receptor neurons [18].
Our electrophysiological studies of lobster olfactory receptor neurons now reveal that one biogenic amine, histamine, can directly gate an ion channel [19].
Highly sensitive, pheromone-specific olfactory receptor neurons in male antennae were completely desensitized by direct application of metyrapone into the sensillar lymph [20].
When tested in the same or different individuals, the metyrapone treatment had no effect on olfactory receptor neurons tuned to the plant volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which might be inactivated by an esterase [20].

Gene context of Olfactory Receptor Neurons

The olfactory epithelium in Dlx5(-/-) mice is composed of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that appear identical to wild-type ORNs, but their axons fail to contact the OBs [21].
Heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 have distinct roles in the proliferation and survival of olfactory receptor neurons mediated by cGMP and bilirubin, respectively [22].
Olfactory marker protein (OMP) expression is a hallmark of mature vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) [23].
We examined temporal and spatial aspects of caspase-9 and -3 activation in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) undergoing apoptosis after target removal in vivo [24].
Mature olfactory receptor neurons of mammals are characterized by the expression of the highly conserved olfactory marker protein (OMP) encoded by single copy genes [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Olfactory Receptor Neurons

During development, zOMP is expressed exclusively in the olfactory placode, presumably in olfactory receptor neurons, as shown by in situ hybridization [26].
Laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with the fluorescent calcium indicators Fluo-3 and Fura-Red was employed to estimate the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions in individual olfactory receptor neurons and to monitor temporal and spatial changes in the Ca(2+)-level upon stimulation [27].

References

3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in olfactory receptor neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease: implications for impaired odor sensitivity. Getchell, M.L., Shah, D.S., Buch, S.K., Davis, D.G., Getchell, T.V. Neurobiol. Aging (2003) [Pubmed]
Signal integration in the nervous system: adenylate cyclases as molecular coincidence detectors. Anholt, R.R. Trends Neurosci. (1994) [Pubmed]
The molecular basis of odor coding in the Drosophila larva. Kreher, S.A., Kwon, J.Y., Carlson, J.R. Neuron (2005) [Pubmed]
Axonal targeting of olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila is controlled by Dscam. Hummel, T., Vasconcelos, M.L., Clemens, J.C., Fishilevich, Y., Vosshall, L.B., Zipursky, S.L. Neuron (2003) [Pubmed]
Presynaptic cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels modulate neurotransmission in the mammalian olfactory bulb. Murphy, G.J., Isaacson, J.S. Neuron (2003) [Pubmed]
Carbon monoxide neurotransmission activated by CK2 phosphorylation of heme oxygenase-2. Boehning, D., Moon, C., Sharma, S., Hurt, K.J., Hester, L.D., Ronnett, G.V., Shugar, D., Snyder, S.H. Neuron (2003) [Pubmed]
Activation of the sensory current in salamander olfactory receptor neurons depends on a G protein-mediated cAMP second messenger system. Firestein, S., Darrow, B., Shepherd, G.M. Neuron (1991) [Pubmed]
Multidrug resistance transporters in the olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Manzini, I., Schild, D. J. Physiol. (Lond.) (2003) [Pubmed]
Caspase-3 and caspase-9 mediate developmental apoptosis in the mouse olfactory system. Cowan, C.M., Roskams, A.J. J. Comp. Neurol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Biogenic amines modulate olfactory receptor neurons firing activity in Mamestra brassicae. Grosmaitre, X., Marion-Poll, F., Renou, M. Chem. Senses (2001) [Pubmed]
An increased receptive field of olfactory receptor Or43a in the antennal lobe of Drosophila reduces benzaldehyde-driven avoidance behavior. Störtkuhl, K.F., Kettler, R., Fischer, S., Hovemann, B.T. Chem. Senses (2005) [Pubmed]
Plasma membrane inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-activated channels mediate signal transduction in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Fadool, D.A., Ache, B.W. Neuron (1992) [Pubmed]
Expression of ciliary tektins in brain and sensory development. Norrander, J., Larsson, M., Ståhl, S., Höög, C., Linck, R. J. Neurosci. (1998) [Pubmed]
Internalization of G protein-coupled receptors in single olfactory receptor neurons. Rankin, M.L., Alvania, R.S., Gleason, E.L., Bruch, R.C. J. Neurochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
Retinoid signaling distinguishes a subpopulation of olfactory receptor neurons in the developing and adult mouse. Whitesides, J., Hall, M., Anchan, R., LaMantia, A.S. J. Comp. Neurol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Carnosine-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of rats during postnatal development. De Marchis, S., Modena, C., Peretto, P., Giffard, C., Fasolo, A. J. Comp. Neurol. (2000) [Pubmed]
Olfactory neurons express a unique glycosylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Key, B., Akeson, R.A. J. Cell Biol. (1990) [Pubmed]
Cyclic nucleotide- and inositol phosphate-gated ion channels in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. Hatt, H., Ache, B.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1994) [Pubmed]
Histamine directly gates a chloride channel in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. McClintock, T.S., Ache, B.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
Pheromone anosmia in a scarab beetle induced by in vivo inhibition of a pheromone-degrading enzyme. Maïbèche-Coisne, M., Nikonov, A.A., Ishida, Y., Jacquin-Joly, E., Leal, W.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2004) [Pubmed]
The Dlx5 homeodomain gene is essential for olfactory development and connectivity in the mouse. Levi, G., Puche, A.C., Mantero, S., Barbieri, O., Trombino, S., Paleari, L., Egeo, A., Merlo, G.R. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. (2003) [Pubmed]
Heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 have distinct roles in the proliferation and survival of olfactory receptor neurons mediated by cGMP and bilirubin, respectively. Chen, J., Tu, Y., Moon, C., Nagata, E., Ronnett, G.V. J. Neurochem. (2003) [Pubmed]
Identification of members of the Bex gene family as olfactory marker protein (OMP) binding partners. Behrens, M., Margolis, J.W., Margolis, F.L. J. Neurochem. (2003) [Pubmed]
Caspases 3 and 9 send a pro-apoptotic signal from synapse to cell body in olfactory receptor neurons. Cowan, C.M., Thai, J., Krajewski, S., Reed, J.C., Nicholson, D.W., Kaufmann, S.H., Roskams, A.J. J. Neurosci. (2001) [Pubmed]
Two olfactory marker proteins in Xenopus laevis. Rössler, P., Mezler, M., Breer, H. J. Comp. Neurol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Selective targeting of zebrafish olfactory receptor neurons by the endogenous OMP promoter. Celik, A., Fuss, S.H., Korsching, S.I. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2002) [Pubmed]
Calcium signals in olfactory neurons. Tareilus, E., Noé, J., Breer, H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1995) [Pubmed]

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