Disease relevance of Transcription, Genetic

• The ogr gene product of bacteriophage P2 is a positive regulatory factor required for P2 late-gene transcription [1].
• The viral RNA polymerase H4L subunit is required for Vaccinia virus early gene transcription termination [2].
• KSHV open reading frame 50 (ORF50), a homolog of the Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product RTA, activates early and late gene transcription in the KSHV lytic cycle, and its expression is closely correlated with KSHV-related diseases [3].
• Since the block occurs following infection in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid but not cycloheximide, we infer that the entry of the virion and early gene transcription are required but the effect is independent of DNA replication or late virus gene expression [4].
• Three copies of the heptanucleotide, TTTTTNT, a sequence associated with early gene transcription in the vertebrate poxviruses, and four in-frame translational termination signals were found within 60 bp upstream of the putative spheroidin gene promoter (TAAATG) [5].

High impact information on Transcription, Genetic

• Early gene transcription is inhibited only when an active large T antigen is present in the cell (for review see ref. 1). These and other observations have led to the hypothesis that T antigen acts as a negative feedback repressor of its own RNA transcript [6].
• Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a critical regulator of early gene transcription in response to TCR-mediated signals [7].
• The increase in PA production, but not morphological change, depended on genetic transcription and translation, being inhibited by actinomycin and/or cycloheximide [8].
• We have previously shown that late phase adenovirus-infected cells contain large clusters of snRNP and non-snRNP splicing factors; the presence of these structures is correlated with high levels of viral late gene transcription [9].
• Here we report that the ETS domain DNA-binding protein encoded by the E74A early gene directly induces L71-6 late gene transcription [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Transcription, Genetic

• Vaccinia virus nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I is an essential viral early gene transcription termination factor [11].
• Activation of NMDA receptors will also lead to activation of the early gene transcription factors including AP-1 (c-fos, c-jun) and NF-kappaB which may play a role in modulation of the subsequent response to hypoxia [12].

Biological context of Transcription, Genetic

• A further difference between early and late gene transcription in this system was in the ability of the ATP analog beta-8-imidoadenosine-5'-triphosphate (AMP-PNP) to substitute for ATP in supporting specific transcription of only the late-promoter template [13].
• We hypothesize that the interaction of ICP27 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reflects its role in stimulating early and late gene expression and/or its role in inhibiting host transcription and that the interaction of ICP8 with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reflects its role in stimulating late gene transcription [14].
• Activation of papillomavirus late gene transcription and genome amplification upon differentiation in semisolid medium is coincident with expression of involucrin and transglutaminase but not keratin-10 [15].
• Experiments were performed to conclude whether the vlf-1 knockout phenotype was due to a defect in viral DNA synthesis or late gene transcription [16].
• Analysis of viral gene transcription confirmed that late gene transcription was not affected by the vlf-1 knockout but transcription of the very late gene p10 was substantially reduced [16].

Anatomical context of Transcription, Genetic

• Expression of GF-1 and S(mu)bp-2 in glial cells increased the induced level of JCV late gene transcription by the viral early protein, T-antigen [17].

Associations of Transcription, Genetic with chemical compounds

• Prior studies from this laboratory showed that the NH(2)-terminal domain of H4L, containing amino acids 1-195, interacts with the COOH-terminal end of nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I (NPH I), an ATPase that is employed in early gene transcription termination [2].
• This superactivation is PKC-dependent, since pretreatment of the cells with the PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220 inhibits MAP kinase activation and early gene transcription almost completely [18].
• Experiments with chloramphenicol indicated that, if any virus-specific proteins are involved with regulation of early e transcription, such proteins are present by 3 min p.i. The data are interpreted to mean that early gene transcription is regulated by a minimum of two mechanisms [19].
• Dihydrotestosterone-induced poly(A) polymerase was inhibited by cordycepin, actinomycin-D and cycloheximide, which indicates that the genetic transcription leading to the enzyme poly(A) polymerase is regulated by androgens in the ventral prostate [20].
• Transamidation of specific proteins with primary amines catalyzed by intracellular TGase may be an important posttranslational modification, capable of altering genetic transcription [21].

Gene context of Transcription, Genetic

• We propose that Z interacts with CBP to enhance viral early gene transcription [22].
• We performed two reverse transcriptions on each mRNA sample and performed tyrosinase and MART-1 nested PCRs in duplicate per cDNA sample [23].
• The coordinated effect of lipid activated nuclear hormone receptors; liver X receptor (LXR), bound by oxysterol ligands and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), bound by bile acid ligands, act as genetic transcription factors to cause feed-forward cholesterol catabolism to bile acids and feedback repression of bile acid synthesis, respectively [24].
• Activation of these signal transduction pathways markedly increases nuclear levels of the immediately early gene transcription factor Egr-1 and the developmental factor AP2 [25].
• Our results confirm that the E2 protein represses or activates HPV early gene transcription depending on the distance between the TATA box and the proximal E2BS [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Transcription, Genetic

• Electron microscopy and the biological properties of susceptibility to DNase I, genetic transcription, and transformation of pBR322 DNA compacted with spermidine or hexammine cobalt (III), were analyzed in order to characterize the association of DNA in its compacted form with these two different trivalent cations [27].

References