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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Poxviridae

 
 
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Disease relevance of Poxviridae

  • The importance of this system to antimicrobial host defense has been supported by the discovery of numerous herpesviruses and poxviruses that encode chemokine mimics able to block chemokine action [1].
  • Six week-old male CBA/J mice fed a commercial powdered laboratory chow or the same chow supplemented with vitamin A palmitate (150,000 U/kg) were inoculated with either the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV) or poxvirus [2].
  • The E3L gene product found in all poxviruses is required for the lethality of mice in vaccinia virus infection [3].
  • We have determined the crystal structure to 1.85-A resolution of vCCI from cowpox virus, the prototype of this poxvirus virulence factor [4].
  • Most poxviruses, including variola, the causative agent of smallpox, express a secreted protein of 35 kDa, vCCI, which binds CC-chemokines with high affinity [4].
 

Psychiatry related information on Poxviridae

  • These findings emphasize the importance of post-entry events in determining the permissiveness of human cells to MV infection and support a critical role for innate type I IFN responses as key determinants of poxvirus host range and species restriction [5].
 

High impact information on Poxviridae

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Poxviridae

 

Biological context of Poxviridae

 

Anatomical context of Poxviridae

  • Several Poxviruses encode putative proteins highly homologous to IL-18BP, suggesting that viral products may attenuate IL-18 and interfere with the cytotoxic T cell response [21].
  • A poxvirus protein that binds to and inactivates IL-18, and inhibits NK cell response [22].
  • Several clinical trials are in progress with MAGE peptides, proteins, recombinant poxviruses, and dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with peptides or proteins [23].
  • Conserved surface-exposed K/R-X-K/R motifs and net positive charge on poxvirus complement control proteins serve as putative heparin binding sites and contribute to inhibition of molecular interactions with human endothelial cells: a novel mechanism for evasion of host defense [24].
  • An intriguing possibility is that G5 participates in the formation of viral membranes, a poorly understood event in poxvirus assembly [25].
 

Gene context of Poxviridae

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Poxviridae

References

  1. Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry. Murphy, P.M. Nat. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Antipyretic and antiviral action of vitamin A in Moloney sarcoma virus- and poxvirus-inoculated mice. Seifter, E., Rettura, G., Padawer, J., Demetriou, A.A., Levenson, S. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1976) [Pubmed]
  3. Evidence that vaccinia virulence factor E3L binds to Z-DNA in vivo: Implications for development of a therapy for poxvirus infection. Kim, Y.G., Lowenhaupt, K., Oh, D.B., Kim, K.K., Rich, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Structure of a soluble secreted chemokine inhibitor vCCI (p35) from cowpox virus. Carfí, A., Smith, C.A., Smolak, P.J., McGrew, J., Wiley, D.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1999) [Pubmed]
  5. Myxoma virus infection of primary human fibroblasts varies with cellular age and is regulated by host interferon responses. Johnston, J.B., Nazarian, S.H., Natale, R., McFadden, G. Virology (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Vaccinia virus encodes a soluble type I interferon receptor of novel structure and broad species specificity. Symons, J.A., Alcamí, A., Smith, G.L. Cell (1995) [Pubmed]
  7. Detection of a subunit of cellular Pol II within highly purified preparations of RNA polymerase isolated from rabbit poxvirus virions. Morrison, D.K., Moyer, R.W. Cell (1986) [Pubmed]
  8. Disabling poxvirus pathogenesis by inhibition of Abl-family tyrosine kinases. Reeves, P.M., Bommarius, B., Lebeis, S., McNulty, S., Christensen, J., Swimm, A., Chahroudi, A., Chavan, R., Feinberg, M.B., Veach, D., Bornmann, W., Sherman, M., Kalman, D. Nat. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Gleevec casts a pox on poxviruses. McFadden, G. Nat. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Activity of albumin conjugates of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside on poxviruses as a lysosomotropic approach to antiviral chemotherapy. Balboni, P.G., Minia, A., Grossi, M.P., Barbanti-Brodano, G., Mattioli, A., Fiume, L. Nature (1976) [Pubmed]
  11. Corrigendum: Disabling poxvirus pathogenesis by inhibition of Abl-family tyrosine kinases. Reeves, P.M., Bommarius, B., Lebeis, S., McNulty, S., Christensen, J., Swimm, A., Chahroudi, A., Chavan, R., Feinberg, M.B., Veach, D., Bornmann, W., Sherman, M., Kalman, D. Nat. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Cidofovir in the therapy and short-term prophylaxis of poxvirus infections. De Clercq, E. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  13. Poxvirus-induced alteration of arachidonate metabolism. Palumbo, G.J., Glasgow, W.C., Buller, R.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1993) [Pubmed]
  14. Protein sequence comparisons show that the 'pseudoproteases' encoded by poxviruses and certain retroviruses belong to the deoxyuridine triphosphatase family. McGeoch, D.J. Nucleic Acids Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  15. A rabbitpox virus serpin gene controls host range by inhibiting apoptosis in restrictive cells. Brooks, M.A., Ali, A.N., Turner, P.C., Moyer, R.W. J. Virol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  16. Crystal structures of the vaccinia virus polyadenylate polymerase heterodimer: insights into ATP selectivity and processivity. Moure, C.M., Bowman, B.R., Gershon, P.D., Quiocho, F.A. Mol. Cell (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Mutagenesis of phospholipase D defines a superfamily including a trans-Golgi viral protein required for poxvirus pathogenicity. Sung, T.C., Roper, R.L., Zhang, Y., Rudge, S.A., Temel, R., Hammond, S.M., Morris, A.J., Moss, B., Engebrecht, J., Frohman, M.A. EMBO J. (1997) [Pubmed]
  18. Homology between DNA polymerases of poxviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses: nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus DNA polymerase gene. Earl, P.L., Jones, E.V., Moss, B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1986) [Pubmed]
  19. Opposite effects of the acute promyelocytic leukemia PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and PLZF-RAR alpha fusion proteins on retinoic acid signalling. Ruthardt, M., Testa, U., Nervi, C., Ferrucci, P.F., Grignani, F., Puccetti, E., Grignani, F., Peschle, C., Pelicci, P.G. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  20. Adenovirus-mediated expression of Fas ligand induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Hedlund, T.E., Meech, S.J., Srikanth, S., Kraft, A.S., Miller, G.J., Schaack, J.B., Duke, R.C. Cell Death Differ. (1999) [Pubmed]
  21. Interleukin-18 binding protein: a novel modulator of the Th1 cytokine response. Novick, D., Kim, S.H., Fantuzzi, G., Reznikov, L.L., Dinarello, C.A., Rubinstein, M. Immunity (1999) [Pubmed]
  22. A poxvirus protein that binds to and inactivates IL-18, and inhibits NK cell response. Born, T.L., Morrison, L.A., Esteban, D.J., VandenBos, T., Thebeau, L.G., Chen, N., Spriggs, M.K., Sims, J.E., Buller, R.M. J. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  23. Identification of new antigenic peptide presented by HLA-Cw7 and encoded by several MAGE genes using dendritic cells transduced with lentiviruses. Breckpot, K., Heirman, C., De Greef, C., van der Bruggen, P., Thielemans, K. J. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  24. Conserved surface-exposed K/R-X-K/R motifs and net positive charge on poxvirus complement control proteins serve as putative heparin binding sites and contribute to inhibition of molecular interactions with human endothelial cells: a novel mechanism for evasion of host defense. Smith, S.A., Mullin, N.P., Parkinson, J., Shchelkunov, S.N., Totmenin, A.V., Loparev, V.N., Srisatjaluk, R., Reynolds, D.N., Keeling, K.L., Justus, D.E., Barlow, P.N., Kotwal, G.J. J. Virol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  25. Vaccinia virus mutants with alanine substitutions in the conserved G5R gene fail to initiate morphogenesis at the nonpermissive temperature. da Fonseca, F.G., Weisberg, A.S., Caeiro, M.F., Moss, B. J. Virol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  26. Use of chemokine receptors by poxviruses. Lalani, A.S., Masters, J., Zeng, W., Barrett, J., Pannu, R., Everett, H., Arendt, C.W., McFadden, G. Science (1999) [Pubmed]
  27. The poxvirus protein A52R targets Toll-like receptor signaling complexes to suppress host defense. Harte, M.T., Haga, I.R., Maloney, G., Gray, P., Reading, P.C., Bartlett, N.W., Smith, G.L., Bowie, A., O'Neill, L.A. J. Exp. Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
  28. A PKR-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase from zebrafish contains Z-DNA binding domains instead of dsRNA binding domains. Rothenburg, S., Deigendesch, N., Dittmar, K., Koch-Nolte, F., Haag, F., Lowenhaupt, K., Rich, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005) [Pubmed]
  29. Chemokine receptor-8 (CCR8) mediates human vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis and metalloproteinase-2 secretion. Haque, N.S., Fallon, J.T., Pan, J.J., Taubman, M.B., Harpel, P.C. Blood (2004) [Pubmed]
  30. Apo-3, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, contains a death domain and activates apoptosis and NF-kappa B. Marsters, S.A., Sheridan, J.P., Donahue, C.J., Pitti, R.M., Gray, C.L., Goddard, A.D., Bauer, K.D., Ashkenazi, A. Curr. Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  31. Therapy and short-term prophylaxis of poxvirus infections: historical background and perspectives. Neyts, J., Clercq, E.D. Antiviral Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  32. Oral vaccination of skunks with raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing the rabies glycoprotein or the nucleoprotein. Fekadu, M., Shaddock, J.H., Sumner, J.W., Sanderlin, D.W., Knight, J.C., Esposito, J.J., Baer, G.M. J. Wildl. Dis. (1991) [Pubmed]
  33. Poxvirus preparation CONPIND initiates production of the major inflammatory mediators IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha in human whole blood and in blood mononuclear cell cultures. Ahne, W., Mayr, A. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1997) [Pubmed]
 
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