Psychiatry related information on Parahippocampal Gyrus

• Preliminary evidence: decreased GAP-43 message in tangle-bearing neurons relative to adjacent tangle-free neurons in Alzheimer's disease parahippocampal gyrus [1].
• The firing rates of hippocampal gyrus units usually decreased during slow wave sleep and then increased to levels equal to or above waking during REM [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Anterograde amnesia in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with atrophy of the nuclei in the midline of the thalamus, but not with atrophy of the mamillary bodies, the hippocampus, or the parahippocampal gyrus [3].

High impact information on Parahippocampal Gyrus

• In contrast, left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus gray matter volume reductions, although present in schizophrenics, were not associated with any P300 abnormalities [4].
• Contrasting the task with the highest semantic component, a variation on the Pyramids and Palm Trees paradigm, with a size discrimination task resulted in focal activation in the anterior inferior temporal lobe, focused in the parahippocampal gyrus [5].
• METHOD: The authors used a monoclonal antibody against the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 to label interstitial white matter neurons in the anterior region of the parahippocampal gyrus from 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 15 comparison subjects [6].
• Treatment interactions for raloxifene compared to placebo were a decrease in activation in the left parahippocampal gyrus and left lingual gyrus, an increase in activation in the right superior frontal gyrus [7].
• We report a case of partial epilepsy resulting from such a plaque situated at the gray-white interface in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parahippocampal Gyrus

• The various ligand binding sites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex in the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus of Alzheimer's disease patients and age-matched normal individuals were examined using quantitative autoradiography [9].

Biological context of Parahippocampal Gyrus

• Both high and low affinity carbachol displaceable binding site populations were significantly reduced in hippocampal gyrus [10].

Anatomical context of Parahippocampal Gyrus

• Binucleated macrophages were also present; There were hypoxic changes as well, with a loss of neurons in the hippocampal gyrus, and with basophilic PAS positive granules in the cytoplasm of many neurons, some containing iron [11].
• The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and frontal pole were analyzed for the presence of arg-P, A4 deposition, ALZ-50 immunoreactive (IR) neurons and neuropil threads (NT) [12].
• High spatial resolution coronal MRI 1.5-mm-thick slices were used to measure the gray matter volume of the superior temporal gyrus, anterior and posterior amygdala/hippocampal complex, and parahippocampal gyrus [13].
• In the dentate gyrus, subiculum and parahippocampal gyrus, NR2B messenger ribonucleic acid levels were higher in the neonate than in older age groups [14].
• Histamine-containing nerve fibers were found in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and subiculum of both Alzheimer brains and controls [15].

Associations of Parahippocampal Gyrus with chemical compounds

• In the subicular complex and parahippocampal gyrus, where cholinergic activity is relatively lower, muscarinic, 5-HT1A, and benzodiazepine binding were relatively high and the nicotinic receptor was remarkable for its highest density compared to other areas examined [16].
• The human hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus: localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in newborn and adult post-mortem tissue [17].
• Distribution of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in the human hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus [18].
• Reduced density of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel sites was found in the CA1 region and parahippocampal gyrus [19].
• Binding to adenosine A1 receptors and the status of their coupling to G proteins were studied in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus of Alzheimer individuals and age-matched controls [19].

Gene context of Parahippocampal Gyrus

• Furthermore, only in the parahippocampal gyrus, schizophrenics had a significantly increased mGluR5/EAAT2 ratio at both the regional and cellular mRNA level [20].
• GluR1 abundance was reduced in schizophrenics in parahippocampal gyrus (p < .025), while GluR2/3 was lower in most subfields in the schizophrenics, significantly so in CA4 (p < .02) [21].
• 5-HT2A receptor mRNA abundance was reduced in schizophrenics in the dorsolateral prefrontal (-49%), superior temporal (-48%), anterior cingulate (-63%) and striate (-63%) cortices, but not in parahippocampal gyrus [22].
• This effect was localized primarily to parahippocampal gyrus suggesting that CCK plays some role in the genesis of developmental abnormalities in this region [23].
• In rats experiencing spontaneous convulsions, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was strongly enhanced in fibres in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus and in the temporal cortex [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parahippocampal Gyrus

• The localization of substance P-like immunoreactive nervous structures in the human post-mortem hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and Kaplan (1950), J. exp [17].
• When the data were averaged and the means for Alzheimer's disease and control group compared, a 34% decrease (P less than 0.01) in [3H]MK-801 binding was identified in the CA1 stratum pyramidale and a smaller decrease was found in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, parahippocampal gyrus and subiculum [9].
• Tissue blocks from the superior frontal cortex (Brodmann area 9), the hippocampal gyrus, and the calcarine cortex (Brodmann area 17) were processed for identification of catecholamine axons using tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry [25].
• Thus, we analyzed EEG recordings obtained from the scalp, as well as directly from within the hippocampus and from the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, which is covered by rhinal cortex, in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy during propofol anesthesia, which preceded electrode explantation [26].

References