Psychiatry related information on Pulvinar

• Lower relative glucose metabolism in the pulvinar was associated with more hallucinations and more positive symptoms, while lower relative glucose metabolism in the mediodorsal nucleus was associated with more negative symptoms [1].
• All patients with Alzheimer's disease had numerous amyloid plaques and some neuritic plaques throughout the various subdivisions of the pulvinar [2].

High impact information on Pulvinar

• In the pulvinar region the left hemisphere is rich in norepinephrine, whereas in the somatosensory input area the right hemisphere has a higher concentration of this catecholamine [3].
• Other CO-weak, parvalbumin-negative, calbindin-positive nuclei, including the posterior, ventral posterior inferior, and anterior pulvinar and the small-celled matrix of VPM are also associated with concentrations of spinothalamic and caudal trigeminothalamic terminations [4].
• Analysis of the scans indicated that, averaged across the 2 sessions, the pulvinar showed greater glucose uptake when it was contralateral to the display of the selective attention task than when it was contralateral to the display of the nonattention task [5].
• Gravistimulus failed to increase responsiveness of pulvinar tissue to IAA, whereas GA3 partially overcame gravistimulus-promoted incorporation into pulvinar cell wall, probably because of preferential movement of label into the rapidly elongating internode [6].
• A dorsal subdivision, Pd, stains darkly for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and occupies the dorsoposterior one-third of the pulvinar complex [7].

Biological context of Pulvinar

• These results indicate that phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, possibly activated by a G protein, is an early step in the signal-transduction pathway by which blue light and darkness close K+ channels in S. saman pulvinar cells [8].
• Saccadic eye movements following kainic acid lesions of the pulvinar in monkeys [9].
• Retrogradely labelled cells in the LGN and/or the pulvinar were arranged in coherent columns, volumes or slabs, but cell volumes resulting from neighbouring cortical injections overlapped at their border (for details of the thalamo-cortical topography see the companion paper Dick et al [10].

Anatomical context of Pulvinar

• Similar to the pulvinar nucleus and the LGN, the cholinergic terminals present in the lateral LP nucleus contact both GABA-negative profiles (thalamocortical cells; 74%) and GABA-positive profiles (interneurons; 26%) [11].
• To evaluate this possibility and to determine whether kainic acid can be used to destroy pulvinar cells without damaging corticotectal fibers, we compared anterograde degeneration in the superior colliculus following kainic acid and radiofrequency lesions of the pulvinar [12].
• The biocytin injection sites also labeled pathways to nuclei as distant from the superior colliculus as the diencephalon, including the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate bodies, and the pulvinar [13].
• The posterior portion of the thalamus, the pulvinar, contains low levels of norepinephrine [14].
• Compared to placebo, clomipramine reduced blood flow in the mediodorsal and ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus, whereas citalopram reduced blood flow in the pulvinar nucleus and the hypothalamus [15].

Associations of Pulvinar with chemical compounds

• Thus kainic acid lesions should provide an effective tool for studying the functional significance of the pulvinar [12].
• Injection of GABA-related drugs into this part of the pulvinar alters animals' performance on an attentional task [16].
• The topography of thalamocortical neurons revealed in coronal sections through VA, MD, and pulvinar is circumferential [17].
• After injections of H3 proline into area 17, both the small diameter (RS) and the large diameter (RL) terminals containing round vesicles and making asymmetric contacts are labeled in the two pulvinar subdivisions [18].
• In an attempt to determine the possible origin of a cholinergic input to the pulvinar, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry were also done [19].

Gene context of Pulvinar

• H1 receptor binding was mainly detected in the mediodorsal, ventroposterolateral nuclei, and the pulvinar [20].
• Because the calbindin-rich and -poor regions of P(3) corresponded to differential patterns of cortical connectivity, the results suggest that CB may further delineate functional subdivisions in the pulvinar [21].
• The pulvinar/lateralis posterior complex shows a particularly well-differentiated staining pattern which closely matches Updyke's [Updyke (1983) J. comp. Neurol. 219, 143-181] parcellation of this region [22].
• The dl-frequency was the same in the various nuclei of the pulvinar and the LGN [10].
• 5. The histochemical reaction to acetylcholinesterase was moderate in the pulvinar [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pulvinar

• We conclude that whereas thermocoagulation of the pulvinar severely damages the corticotectal tract, kainic acid lesions spare these fibers of passage [12].
• The excitatory effects of subcortical (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar nuclear complex) electrical stimulation on the activity of suprasylvian neurones were reduced substantially by the iontophoretic administration of atropine [24].
• Visually driven units, isolated in the ventrolateral group -- Pv1g (109) and in subnucleus Pmu (33) of the pulvinar of the cebus monkey, were studied in acute and chronic preparations under nitrous oxide N2O/O2 anesthesia during periods of EEG arousal [25].

References