Disease relevance of Metapneumovirus

• A live attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), harboring the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of human PIV3, was used as a virus vector to express surface glycoproteins derived from two human pathogens, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [1].
• However, differences from these related viruses were also observed, e.g. lack of conserved cysteine clusters as seen in human respiratory syncytial virus and avian pneumovirus [2].
• The nucleocapsid (N) protein of subgroup C (United States-specific) avian pneumovirus (APV/US) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and antibodies to the recombinant N protein were shown to specifically recognize the approximately 47-kDa N protein of APV/US by Western immunoblot analysis [3].
• The small hydrophobic (SH) gene of the avian pneumovirus (APV) Colorado isolate (CO), which belongs to subgroup C (APV/C), was expressed with a baculovirus vector [4].

High impact information on Metapneumovirus

• Infection of nonhuman primates with recombinant human metapneumovirus lacking the SH, G, or M2-2 protein categorizes each as a nonessential accessory protein and identifies vaccine candidates [5].
• Deletion of M2 gene open reading frames 1 and 2 of human metapneumovirus: effects on RNA synthesis, attenuation, and immunogenicity [6].
• A wild goose metapneumovirus containing a large attachment glycoprotein is avirulent but immunoprotective in domestic turkeys [7].
• Rescue of synthetic minireplicons establishes the absence of the NS1 and NS2 genes from avian pneumovirus [8].
• Effect of ribavirin and glucocorticoid treatment in a mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Metapneumovirus

• Recombinant human Metapneumovirus lacking the small hydrophobic SH and/or attachment G glycoprotein: deletion of G yields a promising vaccine candidate [10].
• The transcription start signal, GGGACAAGU, was identical to that of the F and matrix (M) proteins of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRTV) [11].
• Immunohistochemical detection of avian pneumovirus in formalin-fixed tissues [12].
• Specifically, QT-35 cells supported the replication of a subgroup A metapneumovirus, strain 14/1, when maintained in DMEM containing a high level of glucose (4500 mg/l) and 2% gamma-irradiated fetal bovine serum (gamma-FBS) [13].
• Plaques are produced after application of either an agarose or carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) overlay onto cell monolayers infected with representative avian metapneumoviruses which belong to subgroup A, B or C [14].

Biological context of Metapneumovirus

• The deduced amino acid sequence of the predicted G protein of AMPV-C strain Colorado (AMPV-CO) showed 21-25 % amino acid identity to the G proteins of human metapneumoviruses, but only 14-16 % amino acid identity to those of other AMPV subgroups [15].
• Development of a reverse-genetics system for Avian pneumovirus demonstrates that the small hydrophobic (SH) and attachment (G) genes are not essential for virus viability [16].
• All virus-negative specimens underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect human metapneumovirus [17].
• The SH gene of APV/CO was cloned using a genomic walk strategy which initiated cDNA synthesis from genomic RNA that traversed the genes in the order 3'-M-F-M2-SH-G-5', thus confirming that gene-order of APV/CO conforms in the genus Metapneumovirus [18].
• Matrix and polymerase viral genes, which show a low rate of variation, were chosen to design amplification assays to ensure that any genotype of the human metapneumovirus could be detected [19].

Gene context of Metapneumovirus

• Studies explore impact of new pathogens: investigators report on metapneumovirus, SARS [20].
• Detection of severe human metapneumovirus infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction and histopathological assessment [21].
• The genes encoding the putative small hydrophobic (SH), attachment (G) and polymerase (L) proteins of the Colorado isolate of subgroup C avian pneumovirus (APV) were entirely or partially sequenced [22].
• In common with the M2 genes of the RS viruses and avian pneumovirus (APV), the PVM mRNA also contained a second ORF (ORF2) that partially overlaps the first ORF and which is capable of encoding a 98 residue polypeptide [23].
• Based on the results obtained, human metapneumovirus infections in Madrid followed a seasonal pattern, with most of the infections occurring between February and April [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Metapneumovirus

• Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence-based analysis of the avian metapneumovirus type C cell attachment glycoprotein gene: phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology of U.S. pneumoviruses [24].
• Human metapneumovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: high-resolution computed tomography findings [25].
• Development of a nucleoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a synthetic peptide antigen for detection of avian metapneumovirus antibodies in Turkey sera [26].
• Sequence analysis of the large polymerase (L) protein of the US strain of avian metapneumovirus indicates a close resemblance to that of the human metapneumovirus [27].

References