Disease relevance of Euphausiacea

• Strain 116 was previously isolated from the stomach of a specimen of the Antarctic krill Euphasia superba Dana and tentatively characterized as Sphingomonas paucimobilis 116 [1].
• Psychrobacter proteolyticus sp. nov., a psychrotrophic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana, excreting a cold-adapted metalloprotease [1].
• This paper deals with enzymatic removal of dental plaque, in vitro as well as in vivo, using proteases from the Antarctic krill shrimp (Euphausia superba), referred to as Krillase [2].
• The debriding potential of a recently discovered potent enzyme preparation derived from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) was compared to a routine non-enzymatic treatment in 31 patients with venous leg ulcers [3].

High impact information on Euphausiacea

• Meso-scale surveys off the Antarctic peninsula have related the abundances of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni) to inter-annual variations in sea-ice extent [4].
• The rhabdoms of Euphausia superba contain one digitonin-extractable rhodopsin, lambda max 485 nm [5].
• Alanine was liberated in larger amounts than would be expected from the composition of the krill protein, and was evidently formed also by reactions other than proteolysis [6].
• Glutamic acid, and certain amino acids which presumably occur with high frequency adjacent to glumatic acid residues in the krill protein, were liberated only to a limited extent, and accumulated in smaller peptides [6].
• The high concentrations of BDEs and HCB in ice algae and associated juvenile krill illustrate the importance of sea ice as a vector for entry of POPs into the Antarctic marine ecosystem [7].

Biological context of Euphausiacea

• Long-term changes in the physical environment in the Antarctic Peninsula region have significant potential for affecting populations of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a keystone food web species [8].
• Histological examination included the determination of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in order to detect cell proliferation as well as routine stains.The debriding effect of krill enzymes at a concentration of >/= 3.0 casein units per ml was significantly better than saline control treatment (p < 0.05) [9].
• An increase of 14% in the (+)alpha-HCH enantiomer was found from krill through penguin, suggesting the enantioselective biotransformation increased proportionately with trophic level [10].
• The presence of 1.5% and 2.5% calcium (CaCO3) in the diet--1.0 and 2.0% above the minimum recommended content respectively--significantly reduced the bioavailability of fluoride from krill paste [11].
• Isoforms of an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: purification and antibody production [12].

Anatomical context of Euphausiacea

• The fatty acid C14, C18 and C18:1 content of internal body fat was changed in chickens fed on higher levels of krill meal [13].
• Activities of chitinase and protease and concentration of fluoride in the digestive tract of Antarctic fishes feeding on krill (Euphausia superba Dana) [14].

Associations of Euphausiacea with chemical compounds

• Increasing the thermal stability of euphauserase. A cold-active and multifunctional serine protease from Antarctic krill [15].
• The addition of an emulsion of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) emulsified with purified phosphatidylcholine from krill to a cytotoxicity assay system resulted in a marked depression of NK activity [16].
• Responses to pyrazine were both highly species specific and consistent with results from earlier studies investigating responses to crude krill extracts [17].
• Using 90%-pure free eicosapentaenoic acid, we synthesized 1,2,3-trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (EPA-TG) and manufactured an emulsion of EPA-TG with purified phosphatidylcholine from krill as an emulsifier [18].
• Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in Antarctic samples were in the following order on a lipid weight basis; south polar skua eggs (mean: 1,440 ng/g) > > penguin eggs (30 ng/g) > seal liver (57 ng/g) > fishes (6.2 ng/g) > krill (0.9 ng/g) [19].

Gene context of Euphausiacea

• Studies on the digestion of krill by Notothenia rossii marmorata, Notothenia neglecta, Champsocephalus gunnari and Chaenocephalus aceratus showed that these Antarctic fish species are well equipped to feed on krill, as indicated by their high levels of chitinase and protease activity [14].
• Alex E. Krill: a brief biography of his life and final days [20].
• In the krill samples trypsin-like serine proteinase, carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B were tentatively identified [21].
• Krill is a major source of astaxanthin, which has strong antioxidant activity [22].
• Purification and characterization of a proteinase from Euphausia superba Dana (Antarctic krill) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Euphausiacea

• Biochemical and biological profile of a new enzyme preparation from Antarctic krill (E. superba) suitable for debridement of ulcerative lesions [24].
• A protease extract from Antarctic krill (E. superba) intended as a new enzymatic debrider for necrotic ulcers has been characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and fast protein liquid chromatography [24].
• The distribution of silver, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc binding to species with different molecular weight in aqueous extract of krill was studied by on-line size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [25].

References