Psychiatry related information on Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus

• Self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for 1 h induced a large increase in the number of cells expressing Fos in both the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, when compared to control brains [1].

High impact information on Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus

• Local NOS inhibition by microdialysis delivery of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) significantly reduced ACh release in the cholinergic cell body region of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and in the cholinoceptive mPRF [2].
• Compared to sham-operated control animals, quinolinic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) resulted in an attenuation of the stimulatory effects of intranigral neostigmine on DA efflux in the striatum [3].
• There was also a substantial loss of substance P-containing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus [4].
• STUDY OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that 2 important neurotransmitters related to behavioral state control, serotonin and noradrenaline, could also be modulators of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT)-induced respiratory dysrhythmia [5].
• Gaba(A) receptors in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus play a crucial role in rat shell-specific dopamine-mediated, but not shell-specific acetylcholine-mediated, turning behaviour [6].

Anatomical context of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus

• Characterization of the antinociception induced by nicotine in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the nucleus raphe magnus [7].
• The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus appears to influence striatal dopamine activity via cholinergic and glutamatergic afferents to dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta [8].
• The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus itself appeared to make little intrinsic contribution to muscimol-induced excitation, although the results suggested that part of the excitation which originates in the forebrain may be conducted to A10 cells via the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus [9].
• RATIONALE: The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) has been implicated in the self-administration of drugs, particularly nicotine, which acts directly through the PPTg in addition to targeting midbrain dopamine neurons [10].
• Hyperactivity induced by accumbens MK-801 administrations was unaffected by ibotenic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, while lesions of the mediodorsal thalamus induced only a partial inhibition [11].

Associations of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus with chemical compounds

• Rats were trained on a progressive ratio-5 schedule for food reward, then given ibotenic acid or sham lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus [12].
• Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus stimulation evoked a three-component change in striatal dopamine efflux, consisting of: (i) an initial rapid increase of 2 min duration; followed by (ii) a decrease below prestimulation levels of 9 min duration; then by (iii) a prolonged increase lasting 35 min [8].
• RATIONALE: The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is part of the neuronal circuit activated by self-administered nicotine [13].
• Behavioural sensitisation to repeated d-amphetamine: effects of excitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus [14].
• Following hemisections, and hemisections combined with lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, muscimol inhibited rather than excited A10 dopaminergic neurons [9].

Gene context of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus

• Ascending projections from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and the surrounding mesopontine tegmentum to the forebrain in the rat are here examined by using both retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques combined with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry [15].
• An intermediate degree of co-localization (75%) was seen in the brainstem pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, while the other major brainstem cholinergic nucleus, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, showed an even higher degree of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity-positive cells also immunoreactive for CRH-R1 (92%) [16].
• Neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus express abundant levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA as revealed by dense silver grains overlying these neurons on the emulsion autoradiograms [17].
• These calretinin/choline acetyltransferase double-labeled neurons displayed markedly different sizes and shapes, and occurred preferentially in the pars compacta and dissipata of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus [18].
• Sensory responsive and unresponsive projection neurons were intermingled within the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus as identified histologically by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase or acetylcholinesterase [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus

• Self-administration was examined before and after the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus was lesioned with the ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion, a selective cholinergic toxin [20].
• We measured changes in striatal dopamine oxidation current (dopamine efflux) in response to electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus using in vivo electrochemistry in urethane-anaesthetized rats [8].
• EEG related neuronal activity in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of urethane anaesthetized rats [21].
• Rats received either bilateral ibotenate or sham lesions in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and bilateral cannulation of the ventrolateral caudate-putamen [22].
• We recorded unit activity from the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus with extracellular microelectrodes in urethane-anesthetized rats and monitored cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) to examine the possible role of the nucleus in cortical activation [21].

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