Disease relevance of Insulin Infusion Systems

• Perfect normalization of excessive glucagon responses to intravenous arginine in human diabetes mellitus with the artificial beta-cell [1].
• The effect of elevated glucagon concentrations on insulin requirements and on blood glucose concentrations was studied in five insulin-requiring diabetic subjects during feedback control of hyperglycemia with an automated glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (artificial endocrine pancreas) for six to eight hours [2].
• To assess whether hypoglycemia could be responsible for the hypertensive crises, we measured circulating catecholamines and glucagon during an insulin-induced blood glucose decrement carried out by an artificial endocrine pancreas [3].
• Rat hepatoma cells were engineered to express, in a regulated manner, mature human insulin as an approach to the development of artificial beta-cells for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) gene therapy [4].

High impact information on Insulin Infusion Systems

• The blood glucose concentrations in the patients with diabetes were controlled by a closed-loop insulin-infusion system (artificial pancreas) during the infusion of each agent, allowing measurement of the meal-related requirement for exogenous insulin [5].
• Treatment with artificial beta-cell decreases very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride synthesis in type I diabetes [6].
• A wearable artificial endocrine pancreas (12 X 15 X 6 cm, 400 g) consisting of a sensor, a microcomputer system that calculates insulin and glucagon infusion rates, and two roller pumps was developed [7].
• Furthermore, once cloned, the introduction of this glucose sensitive factor may enable the construction of truly physiologic artificial beta cells [8].
• Effects of somatostatin added to insulin in a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system [9].

Biological context of Insulin Infusion Systems

• Restoration of fuel homeostasis in IDDM patients during pregnancy by an open-loop insulin infusion system [10].
• Diabetes mellitus and open heart surgery. A simple, practical closed-loop insulin infusion system for blood glucose control [11].
• The recent demonstration that an 'artificial beta-cell' can be engineered from anterior pituitary-derived cell lines by transfection with both the insulin cDNA and the cDNA encoding GLUT2 represents a significant advance in the development of potential therapies for type I diabetes [24] [12].
• Influence of insulin infusion kinetics of an artificial beta cell on blood glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetics [13].
• We engineered an artificial beta cell line that produces an up-regulation of insulin in response to dexamethasone, and a down-regulation in response to insulin [14].

Anatomical context of Insulin Infusion Systems

• A full understanding of the mechanisms by which glucose and other nutrients trigger insulin secretion will probably be essential to allow for the development of new therapies of type 2 diabetes and for the derivation of "artificial" beta cells from embryonic stem cells as a treatment for type 1 diabetes [15].
• To determine whether the complete correction of hyperglycemia of diabetes can rapidly improve abnormal peripheral nerve function, eight hyperglycemic insulin-requiring diabetics underwent 3 days of glucose control with an artificial endocrine pancreas, the BIOSTATOR Glucose Controller [16].
• Blood glucose (BG) was clamped by means of the dextrose infusion unit of the artificial beta cell, and the secretion of the pancreatic beta cell was monitored by immunomeasureable C-peptide (IMCP) before, during, and after infusion of insulin [17].
• Our results confirmed that closed-loop portal insulin delivery is feasible with regard to both insulin profiles and hepatic glucose handling in vivo, and indicated that the portal vein is the most suitable insulin delivery route for the artificial endocrine pancreas [18].
• Variation induced by a three-days application of the artificial beta-cell on glucagon, growth hormone and catecholamine secretion, glycosylated hemoglobin, and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration [19].

Associations of Insulin Infusion Systems with chemical compounds

• These results demonstrate that plasma glucose can be lowered to normal in ambulatory patients with brittle juvenile diabetes using a portable, subcutaneous insulin infusion system for two to four days [20].
• Reversal of D- and A-cell insensitivity to glucose in alloxan-diabetic dogs by treatment with the artificial beta cell (Biostator) [21].
• Whereas it may well be that over-insulinization of the patients by the glucose controlled insulin infusion system has overcome and disguised the smaller diabetogenic effects of cortisol and glucagon [22].
• Implantable artificial capillary units containing approximately 1,200 allogeneic rat islets, or approximately 3,000 xenogeneic rabbit or human islets as an implantable artificial endocrine pancreas (IAEP) were implanted in streptozotocin-induced (55 mg/kg) diabetic rats [23].
• Sucrose, in contrast, induced a greater post-prandial rise in blood glucose levels despite counter-regulation by the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system [24].

Gene context of Insulin Infusion Systems

• In 8 insulin-dependent diabetics, the effect of D-Trp8-D-Cys14-somatostatin on blood glucose, growth hormone, and glucagon levels as well as on insulin requirements from an artificial endocrine pancreas was studied during a balanced meal [25].
• Insulin infusion from an artificial endocrine pancreas, which resulted in fasting euglycemia and near-normoglycemia postprandially, had no effect on PP responses in any of the diabetic patients [26].
• The artificial beta cell is a Glucose Controlled Insulin (and dextrose) Infusion System (GCIIS) for maintaining normoglycemia in diabetic conditions and other disturbances of metabolism [27].
• The evaluation of glucagon infusion algorithms for a counterregulatory system in artificial endocrine pancreas [28].
• Insulin treatment during diabetic coma with an artificial endocrine pancreas [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Insulin Infusion Systems

• We studied the diurnal patterns of intermediary metabolites, free insulin, and glucagon using the Biostator (glucose-controlled insulin infusion system) and intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy in five patients after total pancreatectomy, five after partial pancreatectomy and seven patients with Type 1 diabetes [30].
• Evaluation was carried out through three methods: (1) glucose-controlled insulin infusion system on two separate days during the patients' ingestion of mixed meals; (2) euglycemic clamp method; and (3) evaluation of patients for 3 mo using short- and intermediate-acting insulins [31].
• Metabolic control during total parenteral nutrition: use of an artificial endocrine pancreas [32].
• Eight insulin-dependent subjects were connected to Artificial Endocrine Pancreas (Biostator) for 84 hours during which they received intravenous infusions of either SS-14, SS-28 or isotonic saline in a randomized order, after a steady state of metabolism had been achieved [33].
• In a preliminary study, three unstable, juvenile diabetics were first connected to a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator), and subsequently to a portable infusor (Mill Hill Infuser) for continuous subcutaneous insulin application [34].

References