Disease relevance of Hyperopia

• X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (XLCSNB) is characterized by impaired scotopic vision with associated ocular symptoms such as myopia, hyperopia, nystagmus and reduced visual acuity [1].
• Nanophthalmos is a rare disorder of eye development characterized by extreme hyperopia (farsightedness), with refractive error in the range of +8.00 to +25.00 diopters [2].
• Nanophthalmos is an uncommon developmental ocular disorder characterized by a small eye, as indicated by short axial length, high hyperopia (severe farsightedness), high lens/eye volume ratio, and a high incidence of angle-closure glaucoma [3].
• Autosomal dominant stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes, hyperopia, and skeletal anomalies is caused by heterozygous nonsense and frameshift mutations in NOG, the gene encoding noggin [4].
• In subjects >15 years of age, age-gender-adjusted prevalence of myopia was 19.39% (95% CI, 16.54%-22.24%), of hyperopia 9.83% (95% CI, 6.21%-13.45%), and of astigmatism 12.94% (95% CI, 10.80%-15.07%) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hyperopia

• First, there is need for further investigation of 1) the role of culture in determining visual performance and 2) the relationship of visual performance patterns to social behavior, beyond that which has already been done, for example, with myopia and hyperopia [6].
• Soldiers wit abnormal stereopsis, myopia, hyperopia more than 1.75, or astigmatism over 0.50 diopters, were omitted [7].

High impact information on Hyperopia

• Extreme hyperopia is the result of null mutations in MFRP, which encodes a Frizzled-related protein [2].
• A cloned copy of the gene will enable examination of the relationship, if any, between nanophthalmos and less severe forms of hyperopia and between nanophthalmos and other conditions in which angle-closure glaucoma is a feature [3].
• In patients with intact lenses the vision became more myopic or less hyperopic following the administration of glucose, but in the aphakic eyes hyperopia increased [8].
• Older individuals had shallower ACDs, thicker lenses, more NOP, and more hyperopia compared to younger individuals (P < 0.001) [9].
• Genetic effects are of major importance in myopia/hyperopia; astigmatism appears to be dominantly inherited [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hyperopia

• Chlorisondamine but not mecamylamine also affected nongoggled eyes, inhibiting growth and shifting refraction toward hyperopia, but chlorisondamine also induced degenerative changes to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [11].
• However, 22% of the children had +1.0 diopters or more of hyperopia uncovered by atropine [12].
• METHODS: Seventeen patients underwent noncontact holmium: YAG laser thermal keratoplasty in their nondominant eyes for correction of hyperopia of up to 3.00 diopters [13].
• Atropine 1.0% revealed +0.34 diopters more hyperopia than cyclopentolate 1.0%, when the mean differences between the two drugs were examined [12].
• If hyperopia was found post-PRK, the steroid dose was gradually tapered [14].

Anatomical context of Hyperopia

• Twelve month postoperative data were obtained on 25 eyes with refractions of +1.00 to +4.00 diopters (D) that had been treated for hyperopia with the VISX Star excimer laser, using blunt scrape or the rotary brush to remove the corneal epithelium [15].
• AIM: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the optical versus ultrasonic measurement of anterior chamber depth (ACD) in a group of patients affected by high myopia or hyperopia, before phakic IOL implant [16].
• The occurrence of a defect (nerve fiber loss) in the retinal nerve fiber layer in severe myopia (5/59, 8%) was also greater than that in either emmetropia or hyperopia (2/144, 1%; P = 0.0229) [17].
• Multifocal lenses and surgically induced multifocal corneas have the potential to eliminate not only myopia and hyperopia but also the loss of accommodation resulting from the pseudophakic state [18].

Gene context of Hyperopia

• A G1103R mutation in CRB1 is co-inherited with high hyperopia and Leber congenital amaurosis [19].
• CONCLUSION: Although hyperopia has been associated with LCA, it is typically moderate and variable between patients with the same mutation [19].
• Patients with complete CSNB show moderate to severe myopia, undetectable rod function and a normal cone response, whereas patients with incomplete CSNB show moderate myopia to hyperopia and subnormal but measurable rod and cone function [20].
• A group of children without strabismus but with hypermetropia were assessed as controls [21].
• OBJECTIVE: To study photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after clear lens extraction (CLE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for hyperopia or astigmatism [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hyperopia

• PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of noncontact holmium: YAG (Ho:YAG) laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) for correcting low to moderate hyperopia [23].
• Photorefractive keratectomy to correct astigmatism with myopia or hyperopia [24].
• PURPOSE: To analyze the results of clear lens extraction (CLE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation to correct hyperopia [25].
• METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, the VISX Star S2 excimer laser was used to create a peripheral annular ablation profile to correct spherical hyperopia in 23 eyes of 16 consecutive patients [26].
• PURPOSE: To study the intraocular position and anatomic relationships of the PRL-III phakic refractive lens (PRL), a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PCP IOL), in cases of hyperopia using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) [27].

References