Disease relevance of cyclopentolate

• The spherical equivalent refractive error was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy (cyclopentolate 1%) [1].
• Since this effect may predispose to the development of gastroenteritis, we recommend that cyclopentolate 0.5% be avoided in preterm infants; a weaker concentration of cyclopentolate eyedrops, however, can be used for mydriasis [2].
• Atropine 1.0% revealed +0.34 diopters more hyperopia than cyclopentolate 1.0%, when the mean differences between the two drugs were examined [3].
• Because of a report of necrotizing enterocolitis and death of a neonate from cyclopentolate eyedrops, we prospectively studied the effects of cyclopentolate 0.5% and 0.25% ophthalmic solutions and of a placebo on gastric volume and acid secretions in 20 pre-term infants [2].
• Generalised urticaria induced by topical cyclopentolate [4].

High impact information on cyclopentolate

• Other muscarinic antagonists (cyclopentolate and atropine) effectively competed for binding with 3H-QNB at low concentrations (IC50 = 10 nM) [5].
• Secondary outcome measures were (1) increase of anterior chamber depth after topical application of 1% cyclopentolate eyedrops and (2) distance-corrected near visual acuity with Birkhäuser reading charts at 35 cm [6].
• However, cyclopentolate 0.5% eyedrops significantly decreased gastric acid secretion and volume [2].
• The axial IOL movement was calculated as the difference in ACD after instillation of cyclopentolate 1% (Cyclopent) and subsequently pilocarpine nitrate 2% (Carpinol) at separate visits, and amplitude of accommodation was measured with static and dynamic retinoscopy [7].
• Near visual acuity (Jaeger) at 35 cm through best distance correction without an add and pupil diameter were measured and correlated with anterior chamber depth (ACD) measured with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) after application of cyclopentolate 1% and pilocarpine 2%, respectively [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of cyclopentolate

• Although tropicamide, as expected, showed poorer cycloplegia compared to cyclopentolate, the degree of difference appeared to be small, with minimal effect on the measurement of distance refractive error and the ocular optical components [9].
• When administered in conjunction with 1% cyclopentolate four times over 1 hour pre-operatively, 2.5% phenylephrine was found to be as effective as 10% phenylephrine in the initiation and maintenance of mydriasis during both extracapsular and phacoemulsification cataract extraction [10].
• With respect to systemic effects of topical ocular medications, there was a case report of apparent systemic exposure to pilocarpine from an Ocusert (Alza Corp., Palo Alto, CA), generalized urticaria after a single application of 1% cyclopentolate, and asthma induced with topical ketorolac [11].
• Possible allergic reactions to cyclopentolate hydrochloride: case reports with literature review of uses and adverse reactions [12].
• METHODS: In a series of 198 consecutive procedures 50-200 microl of cyclopentolate 0.1%, phenylephrine 1.5% and lidocaine 1% was given intracamerally for mydriasis and anaesthesia [13].

Biological context of cyclopentolate

• METHODS: In this prospective study, the ACD was measured using high-precision, high-resolution, dual-beam partial coherence interferometry in 62 pseudophakic eyes of 55 patients under pilocarpine- and cyclopentolate-induced ciliary muscle contraction and relaxation [14].
• PURPOSE: To assess the effect of diagnostic mydriasis with 1% cyclopentolate on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients attending glaucoma, medical retina and cataract clinics [15].
• The effect of some macromolecular ionic complexes on the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of ocular cyclopentolate in rabbits [16].
• Cyclopentolate plasma levels were quantitated and heart rate and pupil size were monitored after ocular application of the drug to juveniles [17].
• Cyclopentolate-induced ciliary muscle relaxation caused a posterior IOL movement, as compared with the relaxed state, when focusing on a distant target [18].

Anatomical context of cyclopentolate

• Posterior capsule opacification was scored 1 and 2 years after surgery by evaluating retroillumination images taken with a Scheimpflug camera (Nidek Anterior Eye Segment Analysis System) after pupil dilation with phenylephrine 10% and cyclopentolate 1% [19].
• PURPOSE: To examine the changes in ciliary body thickness after topical application of pilocarpine, cyclopentolate hydrochloride, and PhXA41, a prostaglandin F2alpha analog [20].
• Since addition of cyclopentolate to either the lower or upper compartment of the multiwell chemotaxis chamber gave virtually the same results, it is assumed that the drug most likely induces a chemokinetic neutrophil response [21].
• The ocular penetration of cyclopentolate, based on drug concentrations in aqueous humor 30 minutes after the eyedrop instillation, was increased 3 fold when the polygalacturonate complex was used [16].
• Central nervous system toxicity secondary to cyclopentolate is dose-related and can be avoided by use of minimal concentrations and avoidance of unnecessary repetition of administration [22].

Associations of cyclopentolate with other chemical compounds

• PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors influencing AcrySof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories) movement and near visual acuity after cyclopentolate 1% and pilocarpine 2% [8].
• PURPOSE: This study compares retinoscopy in infants using a near noncycloplegic technique, cycloplegia with tropicamide 1%, and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1% [23].
• METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomised to receive either diclofenac or no diclofenac in conjunction with cyclopentolate 1% and phenylephrine 10% pre-operatively [24].
• Human as well as rat neutrophils showed a dose-dependent increase of migration into micropore filters when tested against cyclopentolate hydrochloride at a dose range between 16 and 63 micrograms/ml [21].
• Optimal chemiluminescent pH conditions for atropine, scopolamine, dicyclomine, cyclopentolate, cyclobenzaprine, and procyclidine are determined at moderately basic conditions (pH 7 to 9) [25].

Gene context of cyclopentolate

• Five eyes of 3 patients had a difference of 0.50 D or greater between the 2 agents; less myopia with cyclopentolate [26].
• Near-point testing revealed less residual accommodation with cyclopentolate (difference in MSE, OD=-0.27 +/- 0.51 D, t=2.68, P=.006; OS=-0.32 +/- 0.49 D, t=3.46, P=.001) [26].
• The average of five successful consecutive refraction and keratometry readings were obtained with calibrated Canon RK5 autokeratorefractometers by well trained optometry students, at least 30 minutes after the instillation of the third drop of cyclopentolate [27].
• Children exposed to organophosphate insecticides and other pseudocholinesterase inhibitors may be at risk for cyclopentolate toxicity [28].
• Examinations include a detailed assessment of visual acuity, cover testing for strabismus, identification of amblyopia, slit-lamp examination, non-contact ocular biometry and cycloplegia (cyclopentolate) followed by autorefraction, optical coherence tomography, retinal thickness measurement, digital mydriatic retinal photography and aberrometry [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cyclopentolate

• Intraocular lens movement differences between the groups were not significant (physiologic stimulus: P = .07; cyclopentolate: P = .46), and significant ACD shifts from baseline were not detected (physiologic stimulus: P = .14; cyclopentolate: P = .10) [30].
• Cyclopentolate concentrations in plasma were measured by a radioreceptor assay [31].
• We report the results of a randomised prospective trial of post-operative cyclopentolate in patients who had uncomplicated endocapsular cataract extraction [32].
• Examination procedures included retinoscopy (1% cyclopentolate HCl), keratometry A-scan ultrasonography, and video ophthalmophakometry [33].
• One hundred normal babies were refracted by two observers in a double-masked study within 24 hours of delivery and 30 minutes after instillation of 1% cyclopentolate [34].

References