Disease relevance of Colonic Polyps

• An attenuated form of familial adenomatous polyposis coli, AAPC, causes relatively few colonic polyps, but still carries a significant risk of colon cancer [1].
• An individual hemizygous at the FAP locus will develop hyperplasia of the colonic epithelium followed by colonic polyps, both at an early age [2].
• Fifty-nine colonic adenomas and 6 hyperplastic colonic polyps were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) [3].
• We therefore randomised 98 participants, with previous colonic polyps or intramucosal carcinomas, to a combined treatment of supplementary folic acid, fish oil and calcium carbonate, or placebos for 28 days [4].
• The clinical workup revealed the presence of over 100 sessile colonic polyps but no polyp formation in the upper GI tract, no cancer development, nor other FAP-associated lesions [5].

High impact information on Colonic Polyps

• Here we show that the colonic polyp number is about six times higher in Apc+/Delta716 Cdx2+/- compound mutant mice [6].
• It is not known if the rate of colonic cell proliferation differs among individuals with or without a history of colonic polyps or cancer and if proliferation changes in response to beta-carotene [7].
• Elevation of N-myristoyltransferase activity was present in all tumors, including colonic polyps [8].
• Significant increases in tyrosine kinase activity were seen as early as in colonic polyps of high malignant potential [9].
• Fifty-seven patients who had had colonic polyps removed were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either sodium sulfate (27 patients) or a placebo (25 patients) at a mean dose of 4 g/day for 14 days [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Colonic Polyps

• Effect of sulindac on sporadic colonic polyps [11].
• The mononuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood samples of individuals with (n = 30) and without (n = 48) colonic polyps were examined for their abilities to carry out unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N-acetoxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-AcO-2-FAA) [12].
• We demonstrate here that treatment with the specific COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib results in a dose-dependent reduction in the number and size of intestinal and colonic polyps in the Apcdelta716 mouse [13].
• At least some forms of fiber may contribute to reduced risk of colon cancer, but recent analyses of colonic polyps suggest that folic acid may also play a protective role [14].
• The concentration of BC and alpha-tocopherol was assessed in serum and colonic tissue obtained from subjects with a history of colonic polyps or resected cancer (Dukes A, B1, or B2) [15].

Biological context of Colonic Polyps

• The reduced GH-dependent apoptosis can be overcome by PPARgamma ligands, which might be useful chemopreventive agents in acromegalic patients, who have an increased colonic polyps prevalence [16].
• The inhibition of COX-2 through either pharmacological agents or gene deletion results in suppression of colonic polyp formation [17].
• These five RFLP systems should be useful for linkage studies in FAP and for examining loss of heterozygosity at this locus in colonic polyps and tumors [18].
• Since genetic variation in taste influences vegetable preference, we tested associations between bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), a measure of taste genetics, and number of colonic polyps, a measure of colon cancer risk, in 251 men who underwent screening lower endoscopy [19].
• In addition, six out of eight affected subjects who have positive germline mutation have confirmed neoplastic colonic polyps, indicating that colorectal neoplasia is an associated feature of BHD in some families [20].

Anatomical context of Colonic Polyps

• Changes in the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene in the colonic polyps and colonic mucosa of acromegalic patients [21].
• Immunomodulatory effect of beta-carotene on T lymphocyte subsets in patients with resected colonic polyps and cancer [22].
• Ultrastructure of the absorptive cell glycocalyx in hyperplastic colonic polyps after staining with alcian blue and high iron diamine [23].

Gene context of Colonic Polyps

• The purpose of this study was to determine if gastrin and CCKBR are expressed in human colonic polyps and to determine at which stage of progression this occurs [24].
• Although membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is overexpressed in invasive colon cancer, its expression in colonic polyps and carcinoma in situ has not been defined [25].
• Analysis of cyclin D1 and CDK expression in colonic polyps containing neoplastic foci: a study of proteins extracted from paraffin sections [26].
• AIMS: (i) To investigate the role of P-cadherin in colonic polyp formation [27].
• Signaling through the K-ras oncogene, also frequently mutated in benign colonic polyps, up-regulated VEGF in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Colonic Polyps

• Tuberous sclerosis should thus be considered in the differential diagnosis of hamartomatous colonic polyps [29].
• PURPOSE: To develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for automated detection of colonic polyps on the basis of volumetric features and to assess its accuracy on the basis of colonoscopy, the standard [30].
• A 3-layer immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colonic polyps from patients with or without previous or concurrent malignancy [31].
• We developed a novel computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm called the surface normal overlap method that we applied to colonic polyp detection and lung nodule detection in helical computed tomography (CT) images [32].
• The objective of this regimen is early detection of colonic polyps in those who have FAP, followed by preventive colectomy [33].

References