Disease relevance of Colectomy

• The interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene allele 2 as a predictor of pouchitis following colectomy and IPAA in ulcerative colitis [1].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study reevaluates the risk of rectal cancer and the frequency of subsequent proctectomy for nonmalignant causes in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who have undergone colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) [2].
• To study cholesterol metabolism in Crohn's disease and especially the effect of ileum resection, liver biopsy specimens were obtained from patients undergoing partial ileal resection because of Crohn's disease (n = 17) and patients with Crohn's colitis undergoing colectomy (n = 3) [3].
• Ileal adenomas after colectomy in nine patients with adenomatous polyposis coli/Gardner's syndrome [4].
• The effects of colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and sulindac treatment on rectal mucosa proliferation and polyp occurrence were examined in patients with FAP [5].

High impact information on Colectomy

• Two patients who had an initial response to neostigmine required colonoscopic decompression for recurrence of colonic distention; one eventually underwent subtotal colectomy [6].
• Failure to respond to therapy resulted in colectomy, but some patients in the placebo group who had no response and no urgent need for surgery were subsequently treated with cyclosporine [7].
• While in the hospital, patients assigned to LAC required fewer days of both parenteral analgesics compared with patients assigned to open colectomy (mean [median], 3.2 [3] vs 4.0 [4] days; P<.001) and oral analgesics (mean [median], 1.9 [1] vs 2.2 [2] days; P =.03) [8].
• Colectomy specimens from five patients were assayed for N-myristoyltransferase activity [9].
• Activated-carbon-oriented laparoscopic colectomy [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Colectomy

• Because defective sulfation in the nonhuman primate which allows lithocholate to accumulate in the enterohepatic circulation is thought to be responsible for inducing liver damage and because secondary bile acids are reduced after colectomy and in established liver disease, we examined thae capacity of all patients to sulfate labeled lithocholate [11].
• Surgical injury caused an increase in muscle water, sodium, and chloride while there was a slight reduction in potassium in all groups, with the exception of those colectomy patients who received no amino acids after operation [12].
• In preliminary experiments, which comprised 10 healthy volunteers treated with colectomy for ulcerative colitis, ileostomy fluid output increased (p less than 0.001) during oral intake of azodisal sodium (1 g/day) [13].
• Intravenous cyclosporine has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis, whereas the experience with FK506 is limited [14].
• CONCLUSION: This study shows that cyclosporin is a viable alternative to emergency colectomy in severe ulcerative colitis in the short term [15].

Biological context of Colectomy

• The aim of this study was to assess if infusion of oleic acid into the ileal pouch would slow gastric emptying and small-bowel transit, delay defecation, and increase plasma levels of enteroglucagon, neurotensin, or peptide YY in patients with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [16].
• The geographic distribution of this p53 mutation was mapped in two fresh colectomy specimens with mutations of codon 248 (1 cancer, 1 dysplasia) and correlated with patterns of clonal expansion, histological progression, and allelic loss [17].
• RESULTS: The fecundity of women with FAP before operation and after colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was similar to that of the general population [18].
• Reduced urinary and serum total estriol levels in pregnancies after colectomy [19].
• PATIENTS/METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of iNOS in 17 histologically normal specimens obtained at colectomy performed for colorectal neoplasia [20].

Anatomical context of Colectomy

• Bile obtained from the gallbladder of 18 FAP patients immediately before colectomy, and from 18 control patients, was incubated with salmon sperm DNA in solution at 37 degrees C for 1 h, after which the purified DNA was analysed for DNA adducts, using the nuclease P1 method of 32P-postlabelling [21].
• We correlated results with regional lymph node status and tumor stage, identified in subsequent colectomy specimens. bcl-2 and p53 protein expression were demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues [22].
• METHODS: Twenty-four pigs were randomized into the following four groups, based on the method for obtaining surgical exposure while a colectomy or laparoscopic-assisted colectomy was performed: Open surgery (n = 6), CO2 pneumoperitoneum (n = 6), Helium pneumoperitoneum (n = 6), and abdominal wall Lifter (n = 6) [23].
• PURPOSE: The recent introduction of the immune suppressor cyclosporin for treatment of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis has required surgeons to perform a colectomy in those patients who eventually fail this rescue treatment, thus raising questions as to the safety of surgery as performed in patients with a heavily manipulated immune system [24].
• Gastric acid secretion (retention, basic, and stimulated) was studied, together with serum gastrin, pentagastrin, and pepsinogen, in patients before colectomy and after having had the pelvic pouch functioning for 12 months [25].

Associations of Colectomy with chemical compounds

• The trial was completed either when the prednisone was reduced to 10 mg/day or when the patient came to colectomy [26].
• Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on azoxymethane-induced intestinal carcinogenesis [27].
• A significant increase in the molar percentage of cholesterol and a decrease in that of total bile acid associated with significantly decreased secondary bile acids (p < 0.05) were observed in the post colectomy group [28].
• Five patients treated with metronidazole and six with placebo had no improvement and all proceeded to urgent colectomy with no operative mortality [29].
• The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion, the efficacy of a short perioperative course compared to an extended postoperative course of intravenous antibiotics (cefoxitin) in patients undergoing colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis [30].

Gene context of Colectomy

• Colonic FAP severity was quantitated as the number of polyps per colectomy specimen, standardised for colon size [31].
• Now that the deleterious genes at 2p and 3p have been identified, we are offering candidates, in whom the MSH2 or MLH1 mutation has been verified, an option of prophylactic subtotal colectomy as opposed to annual life time colonoscopy [32].
• Thus, we evaluated perioperative plasma concentrations of soluble VEGF (sVEGF) and soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1) in patients undergoing elective colectomy [33].
• METHODS: Specific androgen (AR), estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were measured in the tissue samples of 35 patients (15 males, 20 females) undergoing colectomy or coloproctectomy for adenocarcinoma [34].
• CONCLUSIONS: Colectomy causes acute release of cytokines and CRP in both the portal and systemic circulation [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Colectomy

• The patients undergoing colectomy resections received total parenteral nutrition with varying nitrogen intake [12].
• Appendectomy did not influence disease extent, need for immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine (as a marker of resistant disease), or the likelihood of colectomy [36].
• Of those treated with methotrexate because of treatment failure with azathioprine, three of 11 achieved remission, but four came to colectomy within 90 days of starting methotrexate [37].
• Quality-of-life analyses were conducted in all patients who underwent colectomy or received intravenous CSA for severe UC from 1991 to 1995 using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, a visual-analog scale (VAS), and the Oresland scale, with additional questions regarding health care utilization and medication use [38].
• Paired normal and cancer tissues from colectomy specimens were used for the analysis of BCRP mRNA by RT-PCR and Northern blot [39].

References