Disease relevance of Endolymphatic Duct

• The endolymphatic ducts and sacs of 25 temporal bones with idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops from individuals with Meniere's disease were studied and compared with the same number of control bones without endolymphatic hydrops from individuals with no premortem history of otologic disease [1].
• Fourteen patients undergoing translabyrinthine (TL) neurotologic procedures (10, TL resection of acoustic schwannoma; 4, TL eighth cranial nerve section for Meniere's disease) had the entire vestibular aqueduct, containing the endolymphatic duct and the intraosseous ES, removed and processed for TEM [2].

High impact information on Endolymphatic Duct

• Absence of the endolymphatic duct and swelling of the membranous labyrinth are common features in Gbx2-/- inner ears [3].
• The primary effect of VHL deficiency on human endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium seems to be the generation of multifocal sites of VHL-deficient cell proliferations from which tumorigenesis may or may not occur [4].
• Effects of VHL deficiency on endolymphatic duct and sac [4].
• While Foxi1 is expressed in the entire otic vesicle at E9.5, it becomes gradually restricted to the endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium and at E16.5 Foxi1 expression in the inner ear is confined to this epithelium [5].
• In situ hybridization of Foxi1(-/-) endolymphatic duct/sac epithelium shows a complete lack of the transcript encoding the chloride/iodide transporter pendrin [5].

Biological context of Endolymphatic Duct

• Our results indicate that the loss of dorsal otic structures such as the endolymphatic duct and sac is attributable to the downregulation of Gbx2, Dlx5 and Wnt2b in the dorsal region of the otocyst [6].

Anatomical context of Endolymphatic Duct

• TRP-2/DT expression is otherwise restricted to the presumptive pigmented retinal epithelium, the developing telencephalon and the endolymphatic duct [7].
• In mice homozygous for a null Dlx5/LacZ allele, a severe dysmorphogenesis of the vestibular region is observed, characterized by the absence of semicircular canals and the shortening of the endolymphatic duct [8].
• We show that Pax2-/- ears often lack a distinct saccule, and the endolymphatic duct and common crus are invariably fused [9].
• Only Pax2 is expressed in the endolymphatic duct, but both factors are expressed in the cochlea [10].
• Because of these changes, it is reasonable to assume that urea is causing the endolymph to be reabsorbed in the endolymphatic duct [11].

Associations of Endolymphatic Duct with chemical compounds

• CT imaging of radiopaque shunt catheter after endolymphatic duct surgery [12].
• The arterial anatomy of the endolymphatic duct and sac was studied in vascular casts of methyl methacrylate of six human heads [13].
• To investigate the surface morphology of the endolymphatic duct epithelium, 8 rats were vascularly perfused with glutaraldehyde in a buffered and oxygenated blood substitute [14].
• Long-term treatment of guinea pigs with the diuretics chlorthalidone and acetazolamide, following the experimental obstruction of the endolymphatic duct, was assessed using chronically implanted round window cochlear electrodes [15].

Gene context of Endolymphatic Duct

• Unique to the DAN implantations, however, were effects on the developing endolymphatic duct and sac [16].
• Both the canal and endolymphatic duct and sac effects were rescued by joint implantation of BMP4-expressing cells [16].
• In contrast, RARalpha/RARgamma null mutants displayed a severe hypoplasia of the otocyst that was already visible at E10.5 without any visible endolymphatic duct [17].
• The endolymphatic duct is devoid of any Nkx5 transcripts [18].
• An interstitial network of podoplanin-expressing cells in the human endolymphatic duct [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endolymphatic Duct

• Electroporation of DAN antisense morpholinos into the epithelium of stage 15-17 otocysts, blocking DAN protein synthesis, resulted in enlarged endolymphatic ducts and sacs as well as smaller semicircular canals in some cases [16].

References