Disease relevance of glutaraldehyde

• PFA fixation, in contrast to GA fixation, also preserved the immunogenicity of measles virus hemolysin [1].
• In an analysis of a Florida dental practice responsible for nosocomial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissions, the possible role of contaminated devices was deemed unlikely in part because they were subjected to high-level disinfection with 2% glutaraldehyde [2].
• Immunity to Marek's disease induced by glutaraldehyde-treated cells of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines [3].
• Hemoglobin-free human red blood cell membranes have been prepared with glutaraldehyde to maintain an intact structure on partial dehydration [4].
• Hamster and rabbit antibodies against antigens on the surface of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed hamster sarcoma or lymphoma cells were purified by immunoadsorption on SV40-transformed cells and conjugated to diphtheria toxin with glutaraldehyde [5].

Psychiatry related information on glutaraldehyde

• Independently from the degree of cross-links, all membranes studied were characterized by a similar inflammatory response, inversely dependent on glutaraldehyde reaction time, that decreased from the time of the implant [6].
• A study of 30 young adults (15 males, 15 females), screened to have normal olfaction, measured detection of the flavor of glutaraldehyde, a biocide that could occur in disinfected potable water [7].
• Injection of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen for urinary incontinence: two-year efficacy by self-assessment [8].
• A multidisciplinary problem-solving approach for use in identification and intervention for glutaraldehyde exposure and safety recommendations related to glutaraldehyde use as a high-level disinfectant in one gastroenterology lab environment will be highlighted [9].

High impact information on glutaraldehyde

• Glutaraldehyde cross-linking provides direct evidence for an interaction between Sp1 monomers [10].
• Human monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes all phagocytize L. pneumophila by this unusual process, termed "coiling phagocytosis," and these leukocytes phagocytize not only live L. pneumophila in this way, but also formalin-killed, glutaraldehyde-killed, and heat-killed L. pneumophila [11].
• Certain fluorescent dyes, previously reported to localize mitochondria, when used at higher concentrations also localize a continuous net-like structure in both living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells [12].
• Localization of endoplasmic reticulum in living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with fluorescent dyes [12].
• This cell surface molecule is detected by a rosetta assay in which the stem cells form rosettes with glutaraldehyde-fixed trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of glutaraldehyde

• Fixation with glutaraldehyde (GA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA) preserved measles virus hemagglutinin at the surface of chronically infected cells [1].
• The use of the Escherichia coli enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter in gene expression studies is limited due to loss of activity during tissue fixation by glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde [14].
• The typical two-membrane structure of gram-negative bacteria, however, was observed after prefixation with a combination of gluteraldehyde, formalin, and creosol [15].
• Combined administration of a vaccine consisting of a small number (2 X 10(6)) of L1210 murine leukemic cells treated with glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A and a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation of Coriolus versicolor induced synergistic resistance to L1210 leukemia in BALB/c X DBA/2CrF1 mice [16].
• In hippocampi from animals perfused with glutaraldehyde during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (to combine a strong aspartate signal with good ultrastructure) aspartate was colocalized with glutamate in excitatory terminals in stratum radiatum of CA1 [17].

Biological context of glutaraldehyde

• Selection of cytotoxic T-cell precursors specific for minor histocompatibility determinants. I. Negative selection across H-2 barriers induced with disrupted cells but not with glutaraldehyde-treated cells: evidence for antigen processing [18].
• NC37 and KB cells grown in suspension culture remained agglutinable at 23 degrees C by concanavalin A (Con A) after sufficient glutaraldehyde fixation to prevent lateral mobility (clustering) of Con A binding sites [19].
• Intact human erythrocytes were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) or dimethyladipimidate (DMA) and tested for their ability to bind [125I]-IgG anti-Rh0(D) and to undergo antibody-mediated hemagglutination [20].
• Nylon microspheres were prepared and after gentle hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde treatment, demonstrated a retention of up to 4.73 mg of Dnase I [21].
• Occupational exposure to glutaraldehyde in tropical climates [22].

Anatomical context of glutaraldehyde

• 'Freezing' of Ca-regulated conformation of reconstituted thin filament of skeletal muscle by glutaraldehyde [23].
• We observed undiminished adherence of unfixed erythrocytes to glutaraldehyde-fixed normal and virus-transformed hamster fibroblasts coated with concanavalin A [24].
• When such "force dissection" is performed on samples both trypsinized and fixed with glutaraldehyde, the hexagonal array of gap junction hemichannels is revealed, with a center-to-center spacing of 9.1 nanometers [25].
• Circumstantial evidence from studies on the specificity of selection induced with glutaraldehyde-treated cells from mice of the B10 recombinant strains suggested that I region-restricted T cells may control the induction of H2K, D-restricted cytotoxic precursor cells [18].
• Mild glutaraldehyde treatment of effector cells abrogated their ability to generate chemiluminescence, whereas K562 target cells treated in the same way were almost fully able to induce a chemiluminescence response to NK-enriched lymphocytes [26].

Associations of glutaraldehyde with other chemical compounds

• Inhibition of free movement of C3 receptors by either applying low temperature (3 degrees C) or fixing the cell surfce of lymphocytes with glutaraldehyde (2 times 10(-5) to 2 times 10(-1)%) results in loss of firm attachment of EAC142 3b cells to the lympocytes as demonstrated here by loss of rosette formation of Raji lymphoid cells [27].
• Furthermore, proliferation of colony forming cells (CFC) is reduced after specific adhesion to stroma, metabolically inactivated glutaraldehyde-fixed stroma, stromal-extracellular matrix, or the COOH-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin [28].
• The cytoplasmic ground substance of cultured cells prepared for high voltage transmission electron microscopy (glutaraldehyde/osmium fixed, alcohol or acetone dehydrated, critical-point dried) consists of slender (3-6 nm Diam) strands--the microtrabeculae (55)--that form an irregular three-dimensional lattice (the microtrabecular lattice) [29].
• Tannic acid in glutaraldehyde fixatives greatly enhanced the visualization of two developmentally and morphologically distinct stages in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) formation in newborn rat kidneys [30].
• Biochemical analyses identified 33P-O-phosphoserine as the major 33P component in glutaraldehyde-treated whole demineralized bone tissue and in EDTA-soluble, nondiffusible proteins extracted from the bones, both at the same time periods that 33P-induced silver grains were visualized by radioautography [31].

Gene context of glutaraldehyde

• Hippocampal pyramidal cells do not stain for diaphorase with conventional paraformaldehyde fixation but stain robustly with glutaraldehyde fixatives, presumably reflecting eNOS catalytic activity. eNOS in hippocampal pyramidal cells may generate the NO that has been postulated as a retrograde messenger of long-term potentiation [32].
• Affinity purification of ProtA-Nic96p from glutaraldehyde-fixed spheroplasts reveals association with Nup192p [33].
• Membrane-associated IL-1 activity, analyzed using glutaraldehyde-fixed EC, was low and not unique to PP EC [34].
• Lenses from Cx43 (-/-) mice and wild-type littermates were processed by using 2% glutaraldehyde fixation for light and transmission electron microscopy and by freezing in liquid nitrogen for light and confocal microscopy of immunofluorescence in cryosections [35].
• Incubation of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with glutaraldehyde-fixed bacteria stimulated in the supernatant the production of interferon (IFN), which proved to be mainly IFN-gamma [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of glutaraldehyde

• Routine disinfection of the transducer heads with glutaraldehyde not only effectively decontaminated all pressure monitoring lines in use, but also controlled the outbreak [37].
• A new method of affinity chromatography using glutaraldehyde-fixed cells immobilized on Sephadex beads has been used to isolate immunoglobulins (Ig's) specific for cell surface glycoproteins [38].
• Activation of primed MLR-Ts (alloantigen-activated suppressor T cells suppressive of mixed leukocyte reaction) to suppressor T cell factor (TsF) production typically fails in the presence of glutaraldehyde-fixed rather than irradiated allogeneic stimulator cells [39].
• Vessels were fixed in situ after 3 d, 1 wk, 3 wk, 6 wk, and 12 wk by intracardiac perfusion of glutaraldehyde and tissues prepared for light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy [40].
• Glutaraldehyde-fixed fetal cells as well as crude fetal cell membranes were used as EA+ target cells (i.e., cell lines known to activate T-lymphocyte-mediated tumor resistance) in a solid-phase ELISA to perform quantitative ELISA adsorption tests of the MoAb [41].

References