Disease relevance of Electric Fish

• Electric organ discharge frequency and plasma sex steroid levels during gonadal recrudescence in a natural population of the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus [1].

High impact information on Electric Fish

• On immunoblots p36 reacted strongly with antibodies produced against the electric fish protein Torpedo calelectrin and the similar Ca2+-binding properties and subunit mol. wts. of these proteins suggests that they might be functionally related [2].
• This subunit arrangement is similar to that reported for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of fish electric organ and skeletal muscle [3].
• The sequence for cDNA encoding the NMDA receptor subunit 1 (aptNR1) of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus has been determined [4].
• Estrogen modifies an electrocommunication signal by altering the electrocyte sodium current in an electric fish, Sternopygus [5].
• As a test of the hypothesis that neurexin is restricted to the nerve terminal, we examined neurexins in the electric organ of the elasmobranch electric fish [6].

Biological context of Electric Fish

• The hormonal regulation of sex differences in electrocommunicatory behavior and brain substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPI-ir) were examined in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus [7].
• Intact receptors from both the fish electric organs and mammalian muscle were labeled with [4-(N-maleimido) benzyl]tri[3H]-methylammonium iodide which binds specifically to the acetylcholine binding site on alpha subunits, and the isolated alpha subunits were subjected to the same peptide mapping procedure [8].

Anatomical context of Electric Fish

• Immunolocalization of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system of weakly electric fish: functional implications for the modulation of a neuronal oscillator [9].
• This marker is an antigenically unique keratan sulfate side chain that is specific for the cells innervating the electric organ; it is not found on the synaptic vesicle keratan sulfate proteoglycan in other neurons of the electric fish brain [10].
• Both insulin and glucagon from the pancreas of the holocephalan cartilaginous fish Callorhynchus milii (elephantfish) have been isolated and purified [11].
• Synaptic membranes from rat brain were used to assess the toxin's interaction with Ca++ and Cl- channels while membrane fragments from the Torpedo fish electric organ were used to determine toxin interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-coupled Na+ channel [12].
• Primary cultures and membranes fractions from chick embryo retina bind iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin, a highly selective ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from skeletal muscle and fish electric organ [13].

Associations of Electric Fish with chemical compounds

• Androgen-induced changes in electrocommunicatory behavior are correlated with changes in substance P-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus [7].
• Different classes of glutamate receptors and GABA mediate distinct modulations of a neuronal oscillator, the medullary pacemaker of a gymnotiform electric fish [14].
• Coupled in vivo activity of creatine phosphokinase and the membrane-bound (Na+,K+)-ATPase in the resting and stimulated electric organ of the electric fish Narcine brasiliensis [15].
• Distribution of serotonin in the brain of the mormyrid teleost Gnathonemus petersii [16].
• Afferent and efferent connections of cerebellar lobe C1 of the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersi: an HRP study [17].

Gene context of Electric Fish

• N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 mRNA distribution in the central nervous system of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus [18].
• Type 1 and type 2 SRIF receptors have been identified from goldfish and a type 3 SRIF receptor has been identified from an electric fish [19].
• Isolation and structural characterization of insulin and glucagon from the holocephalan species Callorhynchus milii (elephantfish) [11].
• Calretinin-like immunoreactivity in mormyrid and gymnarchid electrosensory and electromotor systems [20].
• Gap junction protein in weakly electric fish (Gymnotide): immunohistochemical localization with emphasis on structures of the electrosensory system [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Electric Fish

• We used immunohistochemical methods to identify the distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-containing neurons in the brain of the weakly electric fish and Western blotting to confirm that a protein similar to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor of mammalian brain was recognized in the fish brain [22].
• The efficacy of N-methylacridinium affinity chromatography in the purification of acetylcholinesterases from chicken, rat, calf and human brain and from the electric organ of the electric fish Torpedo marmorata has been investigated [23].
• The corresponding genomic DNA fragment of elephantfish proinsulin was also amplified by PCR, revealing a 402-bp intron at the conserved IVS-2 position within the C7 codon [24].

References