Disease relevance of Docosahexaenoic acid

• METHODS: Cftr and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis with or without pretreatment with oral DHA [1].
• The patient with the peroxisomal disorder was classified as EFA-sufficient, omega3-sufficient (based on RBC 22:5omega6/20:4omega6) and omega3/DHA-deficient (based on RBC 22:5omega6/22:6omega3) [2].
• Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake can decrease the level of membrane arachidonic acid (AA), which is liberated during cerebral ischemia and implicated in the pathogenesis of brain damage [3].
• From these findings, it is postulated that EPA and DHA have different effects on lipid metabolism in rats with hypercholesterolemia experimentally induced [4].
• METHODS: The conjugates linking an omega-3 fatty acid, either DHA or EPA, with propofol were synthesized and tested for their effects on migration, adhesion and apoptosis on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells [5].

Psychiatry related information on Docosahexaenoic acid

• The evidence base supports a dietary recommendation of approximately 500 mg/d of EPA and DHA for cardiovascular disease risk reduction [6].
• The effect of DHA on psychological stress was examined by an elevated plus-maze test [7].
• CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the intake of egg-PC improves maze-learning ability in aged mice fed n-3 fatty acid-deficient diets but it does not influence the percentage of brain DHA and AA [8].

High impact information on Docosahexaenoic acid

• One of the NCEP Step 2 diets was enriched in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, high-fish: 0.54% or 1.23 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] [121-188 g fish/d]) and the other low in fish-derived (n-3) PUFA (low-fat, low-fish [0.13% or 0.27 g/d EPA and DHA] [33 g fish/d]) [9].
• We studied the effects of DHA on COX-2 expression and activity in human saphenous vein endothelial cells challenged with proinflammatory stimuli [10].
• Western blots showed that DHA blocked nuclear p65 NF-kappaB subunit translocation by decreasing cytokine-stimulated reactive oxygen species and ERK1/2 activation by effects on both NAD(P)H oxidase and PKCepsilon activities [10].
• The findings that DHA inhibits the effect of DHP agonists and antagonists on Ca(2+)-channel current but has no effect alone or on beta-adrenergic-induced increases in ICa suggests that DHA specifically binds to Ca2+ channels at or near DHP binding sites and interferes with ICa modulation [11].
• The increases in MVs with EPA and DHA supplementation suggest that these fatty acids may increase the amount of endothelial-bound LpL or its affinity for TRL [12].

Biological context of Docosahexaenoic acid

• Together, these results demonstrate that DHA and EPA, being released by two isoforms of phospholipase A(2), modulate IL-2 gene expression by exerting their action on two PKC isoforms and NF-kappaB in Jurkat T-cells [13].
• Both EPA and DCHA dose-dependently suppressed U46619-provoked platelet aggregation [14].
• Increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamin E levels (P < 0.05) were found in unirradiated mice fed the MaxEPA and DHA diets [15].
• Western blotting studies showed that down-regulation of FAS protein expression tightly correlated with previously observed inhibition of FAS activity, suggesting that ALA-, DHA-, and GLA-induced changes in FAS activity resulted from effects at the protein level [16].
• When used alone, DHA and SIT inhibit cell growth [17].

Anatomical context of Docosahexaenoic acid

• The DHA-to-EPA ratio in the adipose tissue was higher than that in the diet, indicating alternative metabolic pathways for EPA [18].
• We elucidated the mechanisms of action of two n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in Jurkat T-cells [13].
• Tumor growth, VEGF, COX and PGE(2) analysis were carried out in tumors derived from HT-29 cells transplanted in nude mice fed with either EPA or DHA [19].
• We demonstrate that EPA and not DHA is the hypotriglyceridemic component of fish oil and that mitochondria and not peroxisomes are the principal target [20].
• Brain lipid DHA content increased by almost 21% (p = 0.02) 3 days after EtDHA administration as compared with EtOle-injected fetuses, whereas liver lipid DHA content increased by almost 60% (p = 0.0002) [21].

Associations of Docosahexaenoic acid with other chemical compounds

• When neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were grown in a medium enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an increase of the basal level of cAMP and mainly cGMP was observed [22].
• Immunosuppression induced by UVB radiation was 53% in mice fed the oleic acid diet and 69% in mice fed the DHA diet [15].
• To determine the mechanism of action, mice were fed diets containing either safflower oil (control diet enriched in linoleic acid, 18:2n-6), EPA, DHA or arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) [23].
• This study demonstrates that parenteral administration of omega-3-PUFA-enriched fat emulsions leads to increased incorporation of EPA and DHA into phospholipids in serum and erythrocytes, whereas AA levels remain unchanged [24].

Gene context of Docosahexaenoic acid

• The results suggest that omega-3 FA supplementation accelerates chylomicron TG clearance by increasing LPL activity, and that EPA and DHA are equally effective [25].
• The favorable effect of DHA on Abeta production was verified in two different cell lines [26].
• Arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha), and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) were shown to have no effect on the induction of HO-1 [27].
• The influence of a dietary supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) on the molecular species of cholesteryl esters (CE) formed via the plasma lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT; EC 2.3.1.43) reaction was evaluated [28].
• Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) suppress interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion and impair T-lymphocyte proliferation [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Docosahexaenoic acid

• DHA modulation of DHP action could be reversed by cell perfusion with fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin at 1 mg/ml [11].
• In conclusion, dietary EPA, but not DHA, protects against UVB-radiation-induced immunosuppression in mice [15].
• We then examined the paired effects of DHA and CRH on stress manifestations by an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulation and behavior testing [7].
• Fourteen FCHL patients received 4 capsules daily of Omacor (an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid [omega3 FA] concentrate providing 1.88 g of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 1.48 g of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] per day; Pronova Biocare, Oslo, Norway) or placebo for 8 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study [29].
• The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as arachidonic acid (AA), in phospholipid fractions in plasma and in erythrocytes were analyzed preoperatively, on postoperative days 1, 6, and 10 using liquid gas chromatography [24].

References