Disease relevance of Saphenous Vein

• We assessed the effect of ticlopidine, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, on the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease [1].
• Lp(a), total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels were compared with the degree of saphenous vein graft stenosis to test for any association [2].
• To prevent late thrombosis of saphenous vein aortocoronary grafts, it appears reasonable that decreasing the ratios of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and of LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, refraining from smoking, and controlling other risk factors for atherosclerosis should be advised [3].
• We determined whether human saphenous veins can be transduced with adenovirus vector-encoding bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ad.CMVeNOS), resulting in functional expression of recombinant nitric oxide synthase [4].
• During a two-year period (February 1973 to February 1975) 20 consecutive patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm, seen at the Wessex Cardiac and Thoracic Centre, underwent aneurysmectomy with or without aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts, ventricular septal defect closure, or valve replacement [5].

High impact information on Saphenous Vein

• CONCLUSIONS: Ticlopidine significantly improved the long-term patency of saphenous-vein bypass grafts in the legs [1].
• Production of prostacyclin in saphenous-vein tissue (not tested after 40 mg of aspirin) fell only slightly and not significantly after 80 mg but was reduced by 85 per cent after 325 mg [6].
• Our studies to determine whether an inducible NO pathway exists in human VSMC have revealed a novel cytokine-inducible, NO-independent pathway of guanylate cyclase activation in VSMC from human saphenous vein (HSVSMC) [7].
• Thrombin activated platelets induced significant expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule 1, as well as secretion of the IL-1 inducible cytokines IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor by cultured human umbilical cord and saphenous vein endothelial cells [8].
• T. cruzi neuraminidase also removed sialic acid from adult human saphenous vein endothelial cells, as determined by both histochemical and metabolic labeling studies [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Saphenous Vein

• 1. The endogenous dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), at 0.1-10 mM, provokes sustained contractures in rabbit saphenous vein rings with greater efficacy than noradrenaline (NA) [10].
• VSMC derived from graft stenoses were equally sensitive to inhibition as saphenous vein derived controls, in contrast to our previous work which reported that graft stenosis derived VSMC were resistant to growth inhibition by the physiological inhibitor heparin [11].
• Exposure to dexamethasone for either 7 or 28 days significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia formation on cultured saphenous vein segments [12].
• One patient (3%) had angina pectoris caused by "coronary-subclavian steal." Formal bypass grafts were performed in 28 (90%) cases by means of polyterafluoroethylene (24), Dacron (2), or saphenous vein (2), and carotid-subclavian transposition was performed in three (10%) cases [13].
• Endothelial coverage of the luminal surface in saphenous veins was similar among the levels of barotrauma, with the pooled value being 83% +/- 15% [14].

Biological context of Saphenous Vein

• The results suggest that alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction is caused primarily by alpha 1-receptors in human internal mammary arteries and by alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors in human saphenous veins [15].
• Effluent from saphenous veins produced vasodilation of 4.0 +/- 1.8% (+/- SEM) (n = 26) under basal conditions and 36.1 +/- 6.7% when stimulated with calcium ionophore, A23187 (n = 19, P < .05) [16].
• This suggests that cholesterol-lowering therapy may improve long-term saphenous vein graft survival after coronary artery bypass surgery [17].
• In cultured HVSMCs derived from saphenous vein, TSP-1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular proteins, with a complex temporal pattern of activation [18].
• Overexpression of wt p53 in human saphenous vein before organ culture significantly induced apoptosis (P < 0.01, Student's t test) without affecting proliferation rates either in the media or in the intima [19].

Anatomical context of Saphenous Vein

• These compounds seem selectively to stimulate a sub-population of 5-HT(1)-like receptors to inhibit noradrenaline release from certain sympathetic neurovascular terminals, to contract dog saphenous vein and dog, monkey and human basilar arteries, and to decrease the arteriovenous anastomotic component of carotid blood flow in the cat [20].
• Endothelium-derived relaxing factor and protection against contractions induced by histamine and serotonin in the human internal mammary artery and in the saphenous vein [21].
• BACKGROUND: Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of nitroglycerin on atherosclerotic segments of coronary arteries, and information on vasoreactivity of saphenous vein bypass grafts is sparse [22].
• In contrast, in saphenous veins, histamine caused only weak or absent endothelium-dependent relaxations, but contractions were enhanced in rings with endothelium (p less than 0.05, n = 6) [21].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that human saphenous veins from both sexes express PR, as previously described for arterial blood vessels [23].

Associations of Saphenous Vein with chemical compounds

• By contrast, in saphenous vein rings contracted in response to noradrenaline, aggregating platelets induced only a further increase in tension [24].
• All surgical patients had saphenous-vein grafting; 90% of the medical patients received propranolol [25].
• Phenylephrine elicited similar contractile responses in internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins, with a mean EC50 (the effective concentration necessary to produce 50% of the maximal contraction) of 1.4 X 10(-6) M for internal mammary arteries and 1.8 X 10(-6) M for saphenous veins (p = NS) [15].
• Preserved vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin in saphenous vein bypass grafts [22].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Injured and noninjured saphenous vein segments were perfused with or without heparin, in the absence or presence of 125I-bFGF and/or RG-13577 (a polymer of 4-hydroxyphenoxy acetic acid) [26].

Gene context of Saphenous Vein

• By immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that CXCR3 was rapidly internalized when T cells were incubated with IFN-gamma-activated human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVEC), but not with resting HSVEC [27].
• We now show that cultured human saphenous vein VSMCs express small amounts of VCAM-1 and that the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, a significant increase in its expression [28].
• Secretion of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 is greatly increased during neointima formation in human saphenous veins [29].
• Northern blot analysis showed no detectable COX-2 mRNA in freshly prepared saphenous vein or internal mammary artery [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: Decreased contractions to endothelin-1 in both varicose and saphenous veins of patients with primary varicosity may be associated with a decrease in the number of receptors [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Saphenous Vein

• Arginine vasopressin enhances sympathetic constriction through the V1 vasopressin receptor in human saphenous vein [32].
• To develop a way to prevent the occlusion of the aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts, we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in 176 patients, some of whom received aspirin alone (975 mg/day) and some of whom took a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole (225 mg/day), and compared them with a parallel control group [33].
• An infusion of adenosine into the dogs' lateral saphenous vein, perfused at constant flow, caused a greater relaxation of this vein when constricted by electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain than by exogenous norepinephrine [34].
• Effect of subintimal resection on initial outcome and restenosis for native coronary lesions and saphenous vein graft disease treated by directional coronary atherectomy. A report from the CAVEAT I and II investigators. Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial [35].
• The predicted contraction by eletriptan (40 mg and 80 mg) and sumatriptan (100 mg) at free C(max) observed in clinical trials was similar in meningeal artery, whereas in coronary artery and saphenous vein it was lower for 40 mg eletriptan than for sumatriptan [36].

References