Disease relevance of Combotel

• The minimal effective dosages in combination were established as 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight [1].
• A controlled anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of febantel paste (45.5%) at dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg in calves harboring natural gastrointestinal nematode infections [2].
• Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel against giardiasis in dogs [3].
• Aquatic toxicities of six benzimidazole-based anthelmintics-namely, albendazole, thiabendazole, flubendazole, febantel, fenbendazole, and oxfendazole-were evaluated with a marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, and a freshwater invertebrate, Daphnia magna [4].
• The systemic availability of febantel suspension in control and dehydrated camels was very low and differences between dehydration and control phases were insignificant [5].

High impact information on Combotel

• Febantel is negligibly metabolized by hepatic cytosol fractions but microsome preparations effect more extensive metabolic transformations [6].
• In vitro febantel transformation by sheep and cattle ruminal fluids and metabolism by hepatic subcellular fractions from different animal species [6].
• A rapid and very effective analytical procedure for the simultaneous HPLC determination of two anthelmintics, Flubendazole (FLUB) and Febantel (FEBA), in swine and poultry feeds was developed and tested [7].
• Synergistic effects of pyrantel and the febantel metabolite fenbendazole on adult Toxocara canis [8].
• Efficacy of pyrantel embonate, febantel and praziquantel against Giardia species in naturally infected adult dogs [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Combotel

• Group-1 dogs were treated orally with a praziquantel (5.4 to 7 mg/kg of body weight), pyrantel pamoate (26.8 to 35.2 mg/kg), and febantel (26.8 to 35.2 mg/kg) combination, every 24 hours for 3 doses [3].

Biological context of Combotel

• Comparative pharmacokinetics of febantel and its metabolites in sheep and cattle [10].
• Intestinal absorption of febantel was faster and biotransformations were more active in sheep than in cattle [10].
• The bioavailability of febantel in dehydrated camels [5].
• The exposure to febantel and its metabolites in fully hydrated camels was significantly higher in camels dosed with febantel paste compared to febantel suspension, as measured by AUC and Cmax [5].
• Initial experience of the ORATEL computerised information tools in general practice [11].

Anatomical context of Combotel

• Counts of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in feces of febantel-treated calves were reduced by 100% after treatment [12].
• Microtubules disappeared and granules were absent from the terminal web 12 h after treatment with either febantel or mebendazole, and up to 72 h after treatment, the number and size of autophagic vacuoles increased [13].

Associations of Combotel with other chemical compounds

• Ultrastructural modifications in Heterakis spumosa after treatment with febantel or mebendazole [13].
• Various standard anthelmintics were evaluated in the model; modern broad-spectrum ruminant anthelmintics (benzimidazoles, febantel, ivermectin, levamisole hydrochloride, and milbemycin D) are active uniformly and in most cases at doses comparable to those required for efficacy against these parasites in ruminants [14].
• Only a transient softening of feces in 1 of 5 horses given the trichlorfon paste plus the febantel paste was recorded [15].
• The AUC and Cmax of fenbendazole and oxfendazole were significantly lower in dehydrated camels as compared to control camels dosed with febantel paste [5].
• ORATEL is a 3-year project of which WHO/EURO is prime partner and which is partially supported financially by the Advanced Informatics in Medicine programme of the Commission of the Europe Communities [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Combotel

• A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the anthelminthic pro-benzimidazole febantel and its major metabolites in lamb plasma has been developed [17].
• Controlled dosage titration of febantel paste in naturally parasitized cattle [2].
• Plasma concentrations vs time of febantel and individual metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis [10].
• Effects of the synergistic action of febantel and pyrantel on the nematode Heterakis spumosa: a light and transmission electron microscopy study [18].
• The effects of the anthelmintics febantel and mebendazole on Heterakis spumosa were investigated by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy [13].

References