Disease relevance of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• Here changes in intramembrane potential of the bilayer membranes in two different preparations, lipid vesicles and individual N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, are calculated from the fluorescence ratios of di-4-ANEPPS and di-8-ANEPPS as a function of divalent cation concentration [1].
• To determine the spatial features of APD alternans during ischemia, blood-perfused rabbit hearts were stained with 4-[beta-[2(di-n-butylamino)-6-napthyl]vinyl]pyridinium (di-4-ANEPPS) and imaged with a high-resolution camera [2].
• We analyzed the neuronal response to hypercapnic acidosis, using an optical recording technique with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPS), in pontine slice preparations of neonatal rats, containing the locus coeruleus (LC), which has been electrophysiologically demonstrated to be chemosensitive [3].
• The ganglion was stained with the fluorescence voltage sensitive dye Di-4-Anepps [4].
• Hearts from transgenic and control mice were isolated, perfused, stained with di-4-ANEPPS, and paced at multiple sites to optically map APs, activation, and repolarization sequences at baseline and during arrhythmias [5].

High impact information on 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• Stimulation with a strength of 0.1 to 40 mA was applied from a point electrode on the left or right ventricle of isolated perfused rabbit hearts at 37 degrees C to 38 degrees C stained with the potentiometric dye di-4-ANEPPS [6].
• Fluorescence changes in di-4-ANEPPS applied to rat mucosas were monitored by a 10 x 10 pixel photodiode array [7].
• As a step toward characterizing these dynamics, we have imaged electrical activity in slices from rat primary visual cortex stained with the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS [8].
• Intracellular calcium concentration and optical mapping image of the action potential were recorded using Fluo-3 and di-4-ANEPPS, respectively [9].
• In addition, plasma membrane electrical potential (delta psi) has been measured for the same cells by the K+/valinomycin null point titration method using the ratiometric styryl probe di-4-ANEPPS [10].

Biological context of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• The dye di-4-ANEPPS [1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-[beta-[2-(di-n-butylamino)-6-naphthyl] vin yl]pyridinium betaine] is well characterized from earlier investigations and responds via a rapid (less than millisecond) spectral shift to membrane potential changes [11].
• We studied cardiac membrane polarization produced by subthreshold stimuli in 1) rabbit ventricular muscle using high-resolution fluorescent imaging with the voltage-sensitive dye pyridinium 4-[2-[6-(dibutylamino)-2-naphthalenyl]-ethenyl]-1-(3-sulfopropyl)hydroxide (di-4-ANEPPS) and 2) an active bidomain model with Luo-Rudy ion channel kinetics [12].
• Fluorescent images obtained from omohyoid muscle preparations exposed to crotoxin and Di-4-ANEPPS revealed localized areas of increased fluorescence, muscle contractions, derangement of myofibrils, and differing sensitivity to crotoxin of different muscle cells [13].

Anatomical context of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• [Na(+)](i), [Ca(2+)](i), pH(i), and action potentials were measured in left ventricular midmural myocytes with SBFI, indo-1, SNARF, and di-4-anepps [14].
• 2. At the completion of behavioral testing, the fluorescence changes in the dye di-4-ANEPPS were monitored on the rat's nasal septum and medial surface of the turbinates in response to the same odorants [15].
• Both whole-cell recordings using patch-clamp and optical measurements with di-4-ANEPPS of the AP showed that upstroke velocity increases and AP duration decreases with differentiation time, accompanied by a decrease in AP interval, suggesting the initiation of the developmental programme underlying the formation of chamber myocardium [16].
• 1. Fluorescence changes in the dye di-4-ANEPPS were monitored on the rat's nasal septum and medial surface of the turbinates in response to odorant stimuli [17].
• Transverse slices of the juvenile rat cervical spinal cord were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPS) [18].

Associations of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid with other chemical compounds

• Ouabain induced membrane depolarization measured by confocal image with Di-4-ANEPPS dye, that was greater in 2K than in 2K-1C rat aorta smooth muscle cells [19].
• METHODS: Guinea pig hearts were isolated, stained with di-4 ANEPPS to optically map action potentials (APs) from epicardium using a photodiode array, and perfused with iso-osmotic (low NaCl Ringer plus 45 mM mannitol) or hypo-osmotic (low NaCl Ringer) solution [20].

Gene context of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• METHODS: Fluorescent signals emitted from excited Di-4-ANEPPS in isolated Langendorff perfused mouse hearts were recorded from the left ventricular epicardium using an 8 by 8 photo diode array [21].
• Using the dye, di-4-ANEPPS, we monitored the fluorescence changes at 100 contiguous sites with a 10 x 10 photodiode array on the olfactory mucosa of each rat's septum and medial surface of the turbinates in response to the same five odorants [22].
• Since di-4-ANEPPS is a very important tool for optical membrane potential recordings in heart tissue and single cardiomyocytes catalase might be useful in suppressing photodynamic damage during optical potential recordings [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 3-[4-[(E)-2-[6-(dibutylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonic acid

• Performance of this subtraction technique was compared with ratiometry for intramural optical signals acquired with a fiber-optic probe in an isolated, Langendorff-perfused pig heart preparation (n = 4) stained with di-4-ANEPPS [24].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: A high-resolution optical mapping system and microelectrode techniques were used to determine the characteristics of guinea pig ventricular action potentials recorded with the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS [25].

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