Disease relevance of docosapentaenoic acid

• For women, a weak negative association was observed between docosapentaenoic acid and colorectal cancer risk, although it was not statistically significant [1].
• These results are of interest because high levels of 20:3n-6 and low levels of docosapentaenoic acid have been associated with increased myocardial infarction plus stroke mortality from cardiovascular disease [2].
• This study demonstrates the efficacy of the conversion of ALA to EPA and DPA in a minority population with chronic disease [3].
• Lipases from Mucor miehei (Lipozyme-IM), Pseudomonas sp. (PS-30), and Candida rugosa (AY-30) catalyzed optimum incorporation of EPA, DPA, and DHA into Laurical 35, respectively [4].
• In all three patient groups, concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 omega 6) were significantly below those in controls, suggesting that these abnormalities may occur in many skin diseases [5].

Psychiatry related information on docosapentaenoic acid

• This study was conducted to determine whether provision of preformed dietary docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) can replace docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for brain function as assessed by spatial task performance [6].

High impact information on docosapentaenoic acid

• Docosapentaenoic acid, which replaces DHA during n-3 fatty acid deficiency, was less effective in accumulating PS and translocating Akt and thus less effective in preventing apoptosis [7].
• RESULTS: Brain DHA content of postpartum dams fed the deficient diet was decreased by 21% compared with age-matched virgin control animals, with a reciprocal increase in docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6) to 243% [8].
• n-6 Docosapentaenoic acid is not a predictor of low docosahexaenoic acid status in Canadian preschool children [9].
• There were significant increases over time in breast-milk 22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, or DPA) (P < 0.02), plasma DPA (P < 0.001), and erythrocyte DPA (P < 0.01) [10].
• Significantly reduced docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid concentrations in erythrocyte membranes from schizophrenic patients compared with a carefully matched control group [11].

Biological context of docosapentaenoic acid

• In a pooled analysis, changes in heart rate were independent of baseline heart rate and were associated with changes in concentrations of serum phospholipid DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) [12].
• Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were more affected than docosapentaenoic acid during the lipid peroxidation process [13].
• Schizochytrium sp. are an important primary source of DHA in the marine food chain but they also provide substantial quantities of the n-6 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-6; DPA) [14].
• Involvement of lipoxygenase pathway in docosapentaenoic acid-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation [15].
• Conversely, supplementation with n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced necrotic cell death, but to a lesser extent in comparison with DHA [16].

Anatomical context of docosapentaenoic acid

• Dietary n-3 fatty acid restriction resulted in lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations and a corresponding higher docosapentaenoic acid concentration in neuronal growth cones, but had no effects on neuronal cell body fatty acid concentrations [17].
• Flaxseed oil supplementation increased erythrocyte membrane EPA to 133% (P <0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 omega3) to 120% (P <0.01) of baseline, but DHA was unchanged [18].
• Rabbit photoreceptor outer segments contain high levels of docosapentaenoic acid [19].
• However, supplementation with arachidonic, oleic or docosapentaenoic acid did not have any effect, indicating specificity of the DHA action on neurite growth [20].
• In pineal glands from n-3-deficient rats, an 87% reduction of 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) was observed, and this decrease was accompanied by increases in 22:4n-6 (docosatetraenoic acid, 3-fold), 22:5n-6 (docosapentaenoic acid, 12-fold), and 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, 48%) [21].

Associations of docosapentaenoic acid with other chemical compounds

• Restricting calories modified membrane fatty acid composition by increasing linoleic acid and decreasing docosapentaenoic acid content in both membranes [22].
• EPA treatment increased EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) content in plasma and in all the membranes studied [23].
• Another notable difference was that adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-6), both metabolites of arachidonic acid, accumulated in phospholipid and cholesterol ester species of peritoneal cells, but not in liver cells, of essential fatty acid sufficient mice [24].
• Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5,n-3): metabolism and effect on prostacyclin production in endothelial cells [25].
• They also had higher breast milk proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 0.16 vs.0.07%; p < 0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 0.22 vs. 0.17%; p < 0.05) [26].

Gene context of docosapentaenoic acid

• CYP4F8 was found to catalyze epoxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and omega3-hydroxylation of 22:5n-6 [27].
• In the serum phospholipids, adults with ADHD symptoms had significantly lower levels of total saturated, total polyunsaturated, and total omega-6 (n-6) FA, as well as the omega-3 (n-3) LCPUFA DHA (22:6n-3), and significantly higher levels of total monounsaturated FA and the n-3 LCPUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) [28].
• Fatty acid composition of the testes of zinc-deficient rats: the effect of docosapentaenoic acid supplementation [29].
• Women supplemented with fish oil had increased levels of n-3 NEFA IEPA, DHA, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)] prior to exercise [30].
• Evidence of increased flux to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid in phospholipids of pancreas from cftr-/- knockout mice [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of docosapentaenoic acid

• The decrease was accompanied by an increase in docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) content, which replaced the 22:6n-3 phospholipids with 22:5n-6 molecular species, as demonstrated using HPLC/electrospray mass spectrometry [32].

References