Disease relevance of NSC1494

• Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of 2,4-toluenediamine in F344 rats [1].
• The mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) in Ames's Salmonella/microsome test was remarkably enhanced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide [2].
• Locus specificity of mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene in both L5178Y mouse lymphoma and AT3-2 Chinese hamster ovary cells [3].
• 2,4-Diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT)-induced DNA damage, DNA repair and micronucleus formation in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 [4].
• Carcinomas of the liver in female mice fed toluene-2,4-diamine [5].

High impact information on NSC1494

• Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxicity of the structural analogues 2,6-diaminotoluene and 2,4-diaminotoluene using the rat micronucleus test and rat liver UDS assay [6].
• We report the detection of free 2,4-toluenediamine in urine of a patient implanted with polyurethane-covered breast implants [7].
• Covalent binding to DNA and mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene metabolites produced by isolated hepatocytes and 9000 g supernatant from Fischer 344 rats [8].
• N-acetylation as a route of 2,4-toluenediamine metabolism by hamster liver cytosol [9].
• Hydrolytic degradation of these (powdered) TDI- and PMDI-based polyureas was studied by measuring the rates of formation of free toluenediamine (TDA) or methylenedianiline (MDA) in water as a function of time by utilizing HPLC [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of NSC1494

• Mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay was increased with liver fractions from phenobarbital (PB) or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) treated rats [11].

Biological context of NSC1494

• Determination of toluenediamine isomers by capillary gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry with special reference to the biological monitoring of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate [12].
• In this study, we have assessed the extent of DNA damage in rats treated with a carcinogenic toluenediamine isomer, 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA), under conditions that result in tumor induction, and in rats implanted with Microthane polyesterurethane foam [13].
• Measurement of 2,4-toluenediamine in urine and serum samples from women with Même or Replicon breast implants [14].
• The hydrolysis and reduction products (N-ethylaniline and 2,4-diaminotoluene, respectively) were derivatized with FMOC in alkaline buffer solution at 52 degrees C for 20 min [15].
• In previous studies we demonstrated reduced fertility, arrested spermatogenesis, and diminished circulating testosterone levels in rats fed 0.03% 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA) for 10 wk [16].

Anatomical context of NSC1494

• The two target organs of 2,4-diaminotoluene induced carcinogenesis, the liver and mammary gland produced higher adduct yields, with levels up to 30-times higher than those for the two non-target organs [17].
• In the presence of rat liver microsome enzymes, 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA) was mutagenic for several tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium [18].
• Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-D), 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4-D), and 1,6-hexanediamine (1,6-D) were investigated by observing the germination of young radish seeds and the viability of HeLa cells, respectively [19].

Associations of NSC1494 with other chemical compounds

• 2,6- and 2,4-diaminotoluene were resolved as sharp peaks by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in 3 min by an acetonitrile-water-saturated chloroform elution solvent (8:2, v/v) with detection by ultraviolet absorbance at 250 nm [20].
• Growth of medaka was significantly reduced in the lowest exposure concentration during 28-dy larval tests with aniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 2,4-diaminotoluene [21].
• Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate: measurement of toluenediamine in hydrolysed urine and plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [22].

Gene context of NSC1494

• Of the four isomers only 2,4-diaminotoluene is an established carcinogen and this is compatible with the present observations that it is the only isomer that stimulates its own activation through CYP1A induction, is metabolically converted to genotoxic intermediates, and binds to the Ah receptor [23].
• The synthetic conjugate of the genotoxic compound 2,4 diaminotoluene (2,4 DAT) with gelatin (2,4 DAT-GEL) was employed to elicit specific antibodies directed against a restricted class of aromatic diamines [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of NSC1494

• High-performance liquid chromatography of 2,6- and 2,4-diaminotoluene, and its application to the determination of 2,4-diaminotoluene in urine and plasma [20].
• 3. 2,4-Diaminotoluene-modified DNA was assayed by ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies directed against diamine-DNA adducts [25].
• Using 32P-postlabelling and thin layer chromatography, DNA adduct formation by the potent animal carcinogen 2,4-diaminotoluene in Fischer-344 rats was investigated [17].
• Collected TDI is determined as toluenediamine by either colorimetry using a modification of the Marcali technique or fluorometry using fluorescamine reagent [26].

References